Antispasmodic and bronchorelaxant activities of Salsola imbricata are mediated through dual Ca⁺² antagonistic and β-adrenergic agonistic effects

Figures & data

Figure 1. Inhibitory effects of (a) crude extract of Salsola imbricata (Si.Cr) and (b) verapamil on spontaneous and K⁺-induced contractions in rabbit jejunum preparations. Concentration response curves of Ca ^+ 2 in the absence and presence of (c) Si.Cr and (d) verapamil constructed in Ca ^+ 2-free and K⁺-rich Tyrode’s solution in rabbit jejunum preparations. Values are mean ± SEM of 5 determinations. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to the corresponding concentrations values in spontaneous or control contractions.

Figure 2. Inhibitory effects of (a) crude extract of Salsola imbricata (Si.Cr) and (b) verapamil on carbachol (CCh)-induced contractions in rabbit isolated jejunum preparations in presence and absence of propranolol (Prop). Values are mean ± SEM of 3–5 determinations. ***p < 0.001 compared to the corresponding concentrations values in CCh-induced contractions.

Figure 3. (a) Inhibitory effects of crude extract of Salsola imbricata (Si.Cr) on rabbit isolated trachea preparations pre-contracted with K⁺, carbachol (CCh) and CCh plus propranolol (Prop). (b) Concentration response curves of CCh in the absence and presence of Si.Cr in rabbit tracheal preparations. Values are mean ± SEM of 5 determinations. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to the corresponding concentrations values in CCh-induced or control contractions.

Figure 4. Effects of (a) ethyl acetate (Si.EtAc) and (b) aqueous (Si.Aq) fractions of S. imbricata extract on spontaneous and K⁺-induced contractions in rabbit isolated jejunum preparations. Effects of (c) Si.EtAc and (d) Si.Aq on K⁺and carbachol (CCh)-induced contractions in rabbit isolated tracheal preparations. Values are mean ± SEM of 4–5 determinations. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 compared to the corresponding concentrations values in spontaneous or CCh-induced contractions.