Phytochemical screening and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the indigenous medicinal plant Albizia odoratissima

Figures & data

Figure 1. Total phenolic content in various leaf extracts of A. odoratissima. The y-axis was cut up from 30 to 100 for better understanding.

Table 1. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of various leaf extracts of Albizia odoratissima.

		Equivalents per g dry weight of extract (mg/g)
S. No.	Name of extracts	Total phenolic content (Gallic acid)	Total flavonoid content (Quercetin)
1	Methanol	378.00 ± 11.50	48.35 ± 3.62
2	Ethyl acetate	1166.66 ± 31.85	87.31 ± 3.70
3	Chloroform	4.40 ± 1.06	74.93 ± 4.98
4	Hexane	27.01 ± 0.67	109.74 ± 1.84
5	p value	p < 0.05	p < 0.05

The data represent the mean ± SD of three determinants and level of significance (p).

Figure 2. Total flavonoid content in various leaf extracts of A. odoratissima.

Figure 3. DPPH antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Albizia odoratissima. The y-axis was cut up from 20 to 100 for better understanding.

Table 2. Free radical scavenging activity of different leaf extracts of Albizia odoratissima.

			Percentage (%) of inhibitory effect (IC50; μg/mL)
S. No.	Sample	Extractions	DPPH	ABTS	H2O2
1	Ascorbic acid	–	6.11 ± 0.44	3.65 ± 0.26	860.23 ± 26.83
2	BHT	–	458.10 ± 33.09*	6.57 ± 0.57	912.46 ± 161.16
3	Leaf	Methanol	16.62 ± 0.85	8.59 ± 0.39	200.29 ± 0.70*
4	Leaf	Ethyl acetate	10.96 ± 0.40	4.35 ± 0.07	163.82 ± 1.52*
5	Leaf	Chloroform	3439.66 ± 33.56*	58.81 ± 3.69	6912.30 ± 156.88*
6	Leaf	Hexane	1810.44 ± 13.50*	52.08 ± 1.26	1278.64 ± 131.83*

The data represent the mean ± SD of three determinants and level of significance.

* p < 0.05, ascorbic acid is used as control for statistical significance analysis.

Figure 4. ABTS antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Albizia odoratissima. The y-axis was cut up from 10 to 20 for better understanding.

Figure 5. Hydrogen peroxide activity of leaf extracts of Albizia odoratissima.

Figure 6. Ferric reducing antioxidant power activity of leaf extracts of Albizia odoratissima. The y-axis was cut up from 300 to 1000 for better understanding.

Table 3. Correlation matrix of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity measured by all the four in vitro assays.

	TPC	TFC	DPPH	H2O2	ABTS	FRAP
TPC	1
TFC	−0.067	1
DPPH	0.939	−0.355	1
H2O2	0.884	−0.401	0.988*	1
ABTS	0.988*	−0.200	0.981*	0.945	1
FRAP	0.996*	−0.137	0.965*	0.921	0.997*	1

Level of significance: *p < 0.05.

HE: Hexane; CH: Chloroform; EA: Ethyl acetate; ME: Methanol and IC: Isolated colony; NI: No inhibition. Inhibitory zones in mm, including diameter of the well (8 mm) showing the best value among the three repeats.

Table 4. MIC and MBC of different leaf extracts of Albizia odoratissima against the tested pathogenic species.

	Different solvent extracts (μg/mL)
	ME		EA		CH		HE		Ceftriaxone
Strains	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC
S. aureus	136	273	273	546	3437	6875	15,000	30,000	62	125
E. coli	273	546	136	273	859	1718	15,000	30,000	31	62
K. pneumoniae	273	546	273	546	6875	13,750	7500	15,000	62	125
P. vulgaris	546	1093	136	273	6875	13,750	15,000	30,000	62	125
P. aeruginosa	546	1093	546	1093	1718	3437	15,000	30,000	62	125

HE: Hexane; CH: Chloroform; EA: Ethyl acetate; ME: Methanol and MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC: Minimum bactericidal concentration. The table represents the best MIC and MBC value among the three repeats.