Isolation and identification of compounds from Kalanchoe pinnata having human alphaherpesvirus and vaccinia virus antiviral activity

Figures & data

Figure 1. Compound structures.

Table 1. Anti-HHV-2 activity of compounds from K. pinnata roots in plaque reduction assays.

	Antiviral activity (μg/ml)
Compound	Virus	IC50^a	CC50^b	SI^c
KPB-100	HHV-2 E194	5.4	>25	>4.6
Acyclovir	HHV-2 E194	0.49	>100	>204
Cidofovir	HHV-2 E194	4.3	>100	>23
KPB-100	HHV-2 TK- 1253	4.6	>25	>5.4
Acyclovir	HHV-2 TK- 1253	9.3	>100	>11
Cidofovir	HHV-2 TK- 1253	0.22	>100	>450
KPB-100	HHV-2 TK- 10161	4.5	>25	>5.6
Acyclovir	HHV-2 TK- 10161	15	>100	>6.7
Cidofovir	HHV-2 TK- 10161	1.2	>100	>83

^a IC₅₀ = 50% inhibitory concentration.

^b CC₅₀ = 50% cytotoxic concentration of compound in uninfected cultures.

c SI = Selectivity Index CC₅₀/IC₅₀.

Table 2. Anti-VACV activity of compounds from K. pinnata roots in virus spread inhibition assay.

% Spread compared to cytarabine control
	Drug Concentration (μg/ml)
Compound	16	4	1	0.25
KPB-100	−98.5	0.29	119.3	128.7
KPB-200	−63.2	80.0	112.5	119.9

Figure 2. VACV VYR assay. Units for virus yield are plaque forming units per millilitre (pfu/mL). Concentration of compounds in μg/mL.