Piqueria trinervia as a source of metabolites against Giardia intestinalis

Figures & data

Figure 1. GC/MS spectrum of the chemical constituents of F1 and F2 from Piqueria trinervia. (A) Fraction 1. The peak at 12.22 corresponds to piquerol. (B) Fraction 2. The peaks correspond to (a) piquerol, (b) piquerinol and (c) parquejol with retention times of 12.18, 13.03 and 13.35 min, respectively.

Table 1. Fractions from Piqueria trinervia with antigiardiasic activity.

	Piquerol			Trinervinol			Red oil			F1			F2
[C] (μg mL^−1)	Mean % Mortality	SD^a	Level^b	Mean % Mortality	SD	Level	Mean % Mortality	SD	Level	Mean % Mortality	SD	Level	Mean % Mortality	SD	Level
3.125	37.4	3.42	A	46.65	5.35	A	25.983	2.51	A	30.267	6.63	A	35.15	6.94	A
6.2	54.85	4.8	B	59.283	7.33	B	36.067	3.87	B	39.5	5.37	A	41.9	7.99	A
12.5	80.8	5.65	C	74.733	6.5	C	47.2	6.85	C	51.2	6.16	B	54.067	5.75	B
25	96.783	7.21	D	87.483	4.54	D	64.56	6.23	D	54.883	3.44	B	94.367	6.3	C
50	98.633	3.34	D	99.05	2.32	E	80.45	5.94	E	89.083	6.72	C	96.817	7.79	C
100	99.317	1.67	D	100	0	E	95.21	7.9	F	94.833	6.98	D	100	0	C
200	100	0	D	100	0	E	99.95	0.122	F	100	0	D	100	0	C

^a Standard deviation.

^b Values not connected with the same letter are significantly different. p < 0.001.

Table 2. Probit test of compounds from Piqueria trinervia.

	IC50 (μg mL^−1)	CL95^a	IC90 (μg mL^−1)	CL95
Piquerol	2.42	(2.02–2.8)	8.74	(7.27–11.16)
Trinervinol	2.03	(1.51–2.54)	13.03	(10.06–18.7)
F2	3.38	(1.46–5.66)	14.75	(8.24–69.18)
Red oil	5.66	(4.64–6.79)	46.45	(34.04–70.63)
F1	5.03	(2.57–8.18)	37.32	(20.04–133.35)

^a Confidence limits at 95%.

Table 3. Cytotoxic analysis of compounds from Piqueria trinervia on Vero cells and human fibroblasts.

Compounds	Vero cells CC50*(CL95) μg mL^−1	Fibroblasts CC50*(CL95) μg mL^−1
Piquerol	226 (139–336)	501.44 (422.23–611.93)
Trinervinol	278 (225–356)	590 (544.23–645.81)
Fraction 2	180 (28–287)	348.21 (169.38–971.45)
Metronidazole	475 (404–588)	452.197 (417.32–493.99)