Modulation of some markers of erectile dysfunction and malonaldehyde levels in isolated rat penile tissue with unripe and ripe plantain peels: identification of the constituents of the plants using HPLC

Figures & data

Table 1. IC₅₀ values (μg/mL) of PDE-5, arginase, ACE and AChE inhibitory activities in rat penile tissue by unripe (UPP) and ripe (RPP) plantain peel extracts and standard drugs/inhibitors.

Sample	PDE-5	Arginase	AChE	ACE
UPP	3.10 ± 0.03^b	0.96 ± 0.04^b	6.30 ± 0.03^b	0.41 ± 0.04^b
RPP	4.33 ± 0.06^c	1.34 ± 0.09^c	8.64 ± 0.01^c	0.63 ± 0.03^c
Sildenafil*	2.68 ± 0.10^a	–	–	–
L-NOHA*	–	0.78 ± 0.20^a	–	–
Prostigmine*	–	–	2.35 ± 0.22^a	–
Lisinopril*	–	–	–	0.20 ± 0.05^a

Values represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Values with the same superscript along the column are not significant (p < .05) different. Sildenafil*: standard drug for PDE-5; L-NOHA*: standard inhibitor for arginase; prostigmine*: standard drugs for AChE; lisinopril*: standard drug for ACE.

Figure 1. Inhibition of Fe²⁺-induced lipid peroxidation in rat penis by aqueous extracts of unripe (UPP) and ripe (RPP) plantain peels.

Table 2. Percentage (%) yield, total phenol (GAE), total flavonoid (QE) and FRAP (AEE) contents of aqueous extracts from unripe (UPP) and ripe (RPP) plantain peels (mg/100 g).

Sample	% yield	Total phenol	Total flavonoid	FRAP
UPP	13.20	337.5 ± 1.9^a	187.5 ± 2.1^a	365.8 ± 1.1^a
RPP	11.01	233.8 ± 2.2^b	110.6 ± 1.7^b	235.8 ± 2.4^b

Values represent means of triplicate. Values with the same alphabet along the same column are not significantly different (p > 0.05).

Figure 2. HPLC chromatograms of UPP and RPP. Peaks 1–10 represent gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin and kaempferol.

Table 3. Phenolics composition of unripe (UPP) and ripe (RPP) Plantain peel extracts.

	Plantain peel		LOD	LOQ
Compounds	UPP (mg/g)	RPP (mg/g)	μg/mL	μg/mL
Gallic acid	6.07 ± 0.01^a	5.64 ± 0.02^a	0.007	0.023
Catechin	3.89 ± 0.03^b	21.38 ± 0.01^b	0.025	0.082
Chlorogenic acid	19.74 ± 0.01^c	28.13 ± 0.03^c	0.018	0.059
Caffeic acid	30.15 ± 0.02^d	8.79 ± 0.01^d	0.015	0.049
Ellagic acid	8.69 ± 0.03^e	16.08 ± 0.01^e	0.031	0.102
Epicatechin	3.87 ± 0.01^b	3.75 ± 0.02^f	0.016	0.059
Rutin	35.18 ± 0.01^f	32.41 ± 0.03^b	0.024	0.081
Quercitrin	23.45 ± 0.02^g	5.02 ± 0.02^a	0.009	0.027
Quercetin	23.07 ± 0.01^g	8.93 ± 0.01^d	0.013	0.042
Kaempferol	17.02 ± 0.01^h	20.68 ± 0.02^b	0.032	0.037

Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviations (SD) of three determinations. Averages followed by different letters differ by Tukey test at p < 0.01.