Figures & data
Figure 1. Clinical signs observed in mice following challenge test with the allergen (β-Lg). Data are mean ± SE (standard error). (###p < 0.001 compared with unsensitized mice (CL−). ***p < 0.001 compared with positive control mice (CL+); n = 10 per group).
![Figure 1. Clinical signs observed in mice following challenge test with the allergen (β-Lg). Data are mean ± SE (standard error). (###p < 0.001 compared with unsensitized mice (CL−). ***p < 0.001 compared with positive control mice (CL+); n = 10 per group).](/cms/asset/442981be-6555-43b2-992e-9b66beb37258/iphb_a_1383487_f0001_b.jpg)
Figure 2. Body temperature of Balb/c mice after β-Lg challenge. Rectal temperatures were measured 30 minutes after IP challenge with β-Lg. Data are mean ± SE (standard error). (###p < 0.001 compared with unsensitized mice (CL−). ***p < 0.001 compared with positive control mice (CL+); n = 10 per group).
![Figure 2. Body temperature of Balb/c mice after β-Lg challenge. Rectal temperatures were measured 30 minutes after IP challenge with β-Lg. Data are mean ± SE (standard error). (###p < 0.001 compared with unsensitized mice (CL−). ***p < 0.001 compared with positive control mice (CL+); n = 10 per group).](/cms/asset/a03d3f88-b14e-4f4b-9719-688214ac1059/iphb_a_1383487_f0002_b.jpg)
Figure 3. Histamine concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay kit and represented as plasma concentration (nM). Data are mean ± SE (standard error). (###p < 0.001 compared with unsensitized mice (CL−). **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared with positive control mice (CL+); n = 10 per group).
![Figure 3. Histamine concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay kit and represented as plasma concentration (nM). Data are mean ± SE (standard error). (###p < 0.001 compared with unsensitized mice (CL−). **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared with positive control mice (CL+); n = 10 per group).](/cms/asset/0eb6c5dd-f2d6-4fc6-9342-00b994c1b1ce/iphb_a_1383487_f0003_b.jpg)
Figure 4. Effect of royal jelly administration on IgG (a) and IgE (b) titers in response to β-Lg sensitization. Data are mean ± SE (standard error). (###p < 0.001 compared with unsensitized mice (CL−). **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared with positive control mice (CL+); n = 10 per group).
![Figure 4. Effect of royal jelly administration on IgG (a) and IgE (b) titers in response to β-Lg sensitization. Data are mean ± SE (standard error). (###p < 0.001 compared with unsensitized mice (CL−). **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared with positive control mice (CL+); n = 10 per group).](/cms/asset/d4ac610c-33e0-4264-a61a-21f05f7c22ea/iphb_a_1383487_f0004_b.jpg)
Figure 5. Effect of β-Lg on the short circuit current (Isc) in Ussing chamber measured in mouse jejunal fragments sensitized intraperitoneally with β-Lg previously treated or not with royal jelly. Data are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 10) (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001).
![Figure 5. Effect of β-Lg on the short circuit current (Isc) in Ussing chamber measured in mouse jejunal fragments sensitized intraperitoneally with β-Lg previously treated or not with royal jelly. Data are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 10) (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001).](/cms/asset/852e2b20-1748-480a-bb0b-c1457e893b34/iphb_a_1383487_f0005_b.jpg)
Figure 6. Effect of β-Lg on conductance (G) in Ussing chamber measured in mouse jejunal fragments sensitized intraperitoneally with β-Lg previously treated or not with royal jelly. Data are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 10) (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001).
![Figure 6. Effect of β-Lg on conductance (G) in Ussing chamber measured in mouse jejunal fragments sensitized intraperitoneally with β-Lg previously treated or not with royal jelly. Data are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 10) (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001).](/cms/asset/205038f2-2d25-4719-a44b-7adec257b9a0/iphb_a_1383487_f0006_b.jpg)
Table 1. Effect of royal jelly on Isc (a) and conductance (b) values after β-Lg challenge.
Figure 7. Light microscopy (G × 10) showing intestinal villi stained with haematoxylin–eosin. Jejunal tissues were obtained from naive mice (CL−) (a), β-Lg-sensitized mice (CL+) (b) and mice received royal jelly for seven days at the respective doses of 0.5 (c), 1 (d) and 1.5 g/kg (e) and then sensitized intraperitoneally with β-Lg.
![Figure 7. Light microscopy (G × 10) showing intestinal villi stained with haematoxylin–eosin. Jejunal tissues were obtained from naive mice (CL−) (a), β-Lg-sensitized mice (CL+) (b) and mice received royal jelly for seven days at the respective doses of 0.5 (c), 1 (d) and 1.5 g/kg (e) and then sensitized intraperitoneally with β-Lg.](/cms/asset/3994c7d2-bf8b-479f-ad7f-e26152ed1223/iphb_a_1383487_f0007_c.jpg)
Figure 8. Evaluation of the villus height fragments of jejunum of mice received royal jelly for seven days at the respective doses of 0 (positive control), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg and then sensitized intraperitoneally with β-Lg. Data are mean ± SE (standard error). (###p < 0.001 compared with unsensitized mice (CL−). **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared with positive control mice (CL+); n = 10 per group).
![Figure 8. Evaluation of the villus height fragments of jejunum of mice received royal jelly for seven days at the respective doses of 0 (positive control), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg and then sensitized intraperitoneally with β-Lg. Data are mean ± SE (standard error). (###p < 0.001 compared with unsensitized mice (CL−). **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared with positive control mice (CL+); n = 10 per group).](/cms/asset/24389f23-c985-42f5-8f28-4ff968ef20b9/iphb_a_1383487_f0008_b.jpg)