Flavonoids, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Evax pygmaea

Figures & data

Figure 1. Structures of compounds (1–6) isolated from Evax pygmaea.

Table 1. Total polyphenolic content of ethyl acetate (EAEP) and n-butanol (BEP) fractions of Evax pygmaea^a.

Plant fractions	Total phenolic content (mg/g)^b
EAEP	349.69 ± 2.20
BEP	273.31 ± 2.60

^a Values are mean ± SD (n = 3).

^b mg/g gallic acid equivalent.

Table 2. Antioxidant activity of E. pygmaea fractions by the DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, metal chelating and β-carotene assays^a.

	Antioxidant activity
	DPPH assay	ABTS assay	β-Carotene assay	CUPRAC assay	Metal chelating assay
Extracts	IC50 (µg/mL)			A0.50 (µg/mL)	% Inhibition at 100 µg/mL
CEP	49.21 ± 0.26	10.61 ± 0.38	9.01 ± 1.19	31.16 ± 1.02	>50
EAEP	6.91 ± 0.09	<3.125	4.07 ± 1.12	6.26 ± 0.04	3.74 ± 0.61
BEP	10.47 ± 0.18	8.88 ± 0.19	<3.125	11.66 ± 0.76	13.95 ± 1.00
BHA^b	5.73 ± 0.41	1.81 ± 0.10	0.90 ± 0.02	3.64 ± 0.19	8.41 ± 0.67
BHT^b	22.32 ± 1.19	1.29 ± 0.30	1.05 ± 0.01	9.62 ± 0.87	>50
Ascorbic acid	–	–	–	–	9.01 ± 1.46

^a IC₅₀ and A_0.50 values expressed are means ± SD of three parallel measurements (p < 0.05).

^b Reference compounds: BHA: butylated hydroxyanisole; BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene.

Table 3. Antibacterial activity (MICs) of the chloroform (CEP), ethyl acetate (EAEP) and n-butanol (BEP) fractions of Evax pygmaea.

Bacteria	MIC^a (µg/mL)
	CEP	EAEP	BEP	Genta^b
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922^c	80 ± 0.50	40 ± 0.20	40 ± 0.70	10 ± 0.20
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300^c	80 ± 1.20	40 ± 1.00	40 ± 2.30	15 ± 0.30
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853^c	80 ± 1.50	40 ± 0.80	40 ± 1.90	5 ± 0.10
Klebsiella pneumoniae^d	40 ± 0.50	80 ± 0.20	–	5 ± 0.20
Salmonella heilberg^d	80 ± 2.50	80 ± 0.80	80 ± 1.70	–
Shigella sonnei^d	80 ± 0.35	–	–	–
Enterobarter aerogenes^d	80 ± 1.90	80 ± 1.40	80 ± 0.70	–

^a Values are mean ± SD (n = 3).

^b Gentamycin: 10 µg/mL.

^c Obtained from the Pasteur Institute (Algiers).

^d Clinical isolates from the laboratory of bacteriology (CHU Constantine, Algeria).

Table 4. Cytotoxic activity of extracts of E. pygmaea.

	% Mortality rate^a
Plant fractions	10 µg	20 µg	40 µg	80 µg	LD50^b µg/mL	Toxicity
EAEP	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	3.33 ± 1.77	>80	–
BEP	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	6.67 ± 1.55	13.33 ± 1.77	>80	–
CEP	3.33 ± 1.77	6.67 ± 1.55	13.33 ± 5.77	20.00 ± 00.00	>80	–

^a Values expressed are means ± SD of three parallel measurements (p< 0.05).

^b LD₅₀: median lethal dose.