The effect of aqueous extract of Rosa damascena on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in mice testes

Figures & data

Figure 1. Testosterone levels of all groups in the male rat. *Significant differences vs. control group (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). #Significant differences vs. FA group (###p < 0.001). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. RD: Rosa damascena; FA: formaldehyde.

Table 1. Testis weight, testis volume, testis length and testis width in different groups (mean ± SD, n = 8).

Group/parameters	Weight (mg)	Volume (mm^3)	Length (mm)	Width (mm)
Control	113.8 ± 1.1	118.6 ± 4.69	7.9 ± 0.2	6.052 ± 0.1
RD40	112 ± 1.76###	118.6 ± 3.76###	7.7 ± 0.2##	5.88 ± 0.2###
FA	99.8 ± 2.26***	96.4 ± 0.93***	6.9 ± 0.01**	4.93 ± 0.1***
FA + RD10	106 ± 1.76**,#	102.6 ± 3.76**	7.5 ± 0.2#	5.072 ± 0.04***
FA + RD20	107.8 ± 2.8*,##	101.4 ± 2.11***	7.2 ± 0.1**	5.47 ± 0.2**,#,$
FA + RD40	111 ± 1.43###	105 ± 2.76**	7.8 ± 2.0##	5.6 ± 0.1*,##,$$

RD: Rosa damascena; FA: formaldehyde.

Data are expressed as mean ± SD.

* Significant differences vs. control group (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

#Significant differences vs. FA group (#p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001).

^$Significant difference vs. FA + RD10 group (^$p < 0.05, ^$$p < 0.01).

Figure 2. Histological examinations of tubules in the testis of (A) control, (B) sham (RD40), (C) FA, (D) RD10 + FA, (E) RD20 + FA and (F) RD40 + FA groups. Abnormal and barren testicular seminiferous without spermatozoa were observed in germinal epithelium of FA group. In FA and RD + FA groups, the diameters of testicular seminiferous and epithelial tubules significantly decreased compared to the control group. However, in the ‘FA + RD’ groups, the diameters of seminiferous and epithelial tubules increased compared to the FA group. Scale bar =100 µm.

Table 2. Number of Leydig cell, diameters and thickness of seminiferous tubules in different groups (mean ± SD, n = 8).

Group/parameters	Diameter ofseminiferous tubules (µm)	Thickness ofseminiferous tubules (µm)	Number of the Leydig cells(in an interstitial area, µm)
Control	129.5 ± 1.5	34.5 ± 0.77	38.6 ± 0.68
RD40	129.2 ± 1.6###	34.1 ± 0.62###	38.6 ± 1.3###
FA	110.4 ± 1.7***	29.7 ± 0.58***	30.8 ± 0.8***
FA + RD10	111.6 ± 1.6***	29.5 ± 0.4***	32.6 ± 0.68***
FA + RD20	113.7 ± 1.2 ***	30 ± 0.32***	33.6 ± 0.75**,#
FA + RD40	113.3 ± 1.2***	30.32 ± 0.46***	33.2 ± 0.57**,#

RD: Rosa damascena; FA: formaldehyde.

Data are expressed as mean ± SD.

* Significant differences vs. control group (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

#Significant differences vs. FA group (#p < 0.05, ###p < 0.001).

Figure 3. Different types of sperm shape abnormality in FA group vs. control group. Sperm suspension was smeared onto glass slides and stained using the method of Papanicolaou. Spermatozoa were counted and categorized as normal, head abnormal, neck abnormal and tail abnormal spermatozoa, ×100 magnification.

Table 3. Sperm number, sperm motility, sperm viability and rate of normal sperm of all groups (mean ± SD, n = 8).

Group/parameters	Number (number/mL−1)	Motility (%)	Viability (%)	Rate of normal sperm (%)
Control	240.70 ± 19.7	86.8 ± 1.49	81 ± 0.84	88.8 ± 1.65
RD40	234.20 ± 14.81###	87 ± 1.81###	79.6 ± 1.47###	87.4 ± 1.4###
FA	84.46 ± 7.94***	49.6 ± 1.96***	60.6 ± 3.1***	62.4 ± 3.4***
FA + RD10	134.88 ± 19.97***,#	68.4 ± 3.38***,###	73.6 ± 2.13*,###	69.2 ± 1.74***,#
FA + RD20	133.27 ± 15.6***	70.6 ± 3.69***,###	72.6 ± 1.5**,###	72.6 ± 2.46***,##
FA + RD40	174.16 ± 21.55*,##	72.6 ± 3.17**,###	77.8 ± 1.7###	78 ± 2.64**,###,$

RD: Rosa damascena; FA: formaldehyde.

Data are expressed as mean ± SD.

* Significant differences vs. control group (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

#Significant differences vs. FA group (#p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001).

$Significant difference vs. FA + RD10 group ($p < 0.05).