Mechanism of TangGanJian on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figures & data

Figure 1. Appearance of the liver (A) and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) analysis (B). I: control; II: model; III: pioglitazone; IV: high dose of TangGanJian (TGJ: 24.8 g/kg); V: middle dose of TGJ (12.4 g/kg); VI: low dose of TGJ (6.2 g/kg).

Table 1. The fasting plasma insulin, glucose (FBG) and plasma glucose levels (2hPG) of rats.

Groups	I	II	III	IV	V	VI
Insulin (nIU/mL)	20.989 ± 3.216	75.626 ± 17.188^a	48.328 ± 9.895^ab	27.669 ± 9.326^b	45.162 ± 12.260^ab	67.777 ± 12.964^a
FBG (mmol/L)	4.720 ± 0.233	11.430 ± 0.965^a	5.103 ± 0.548^b	5.081 ± 0.535^b	11.316 ± 0.616^a	11.472 ± 0.523^a
2hPG (mmol/L)	7.670 ± 0.349	14.391 ± 0.772^a	7.779 ± 0.620^b	7.743 ± 0.681^b	14.155 ± 0.566^a	14.253 ± 0.487^a

Group I: control; Group II: model; Group III: pioglitazone; Group IV: high dose of TangGanJian (TGJ); Group V: middle dose of TGJ; Group VI: low dose of TGJ; FBG: fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG: plasma glucose level after rats fed for 2 h.

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

^ap < 0.05 compared with the control group.

^bp < 0.05 compared with the model group.

Table 2. The aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) levels of rats.

Groups	I	II	III	IV	V	VI
ALT (U/L)	41.115 ± 2.247	84.070 ± 5.818^a	61.738 ± 5.237^ab	62.252 ± 5.846^ab	83.351 ± 5.584^a	83.564 ± 6.775^a
AST (U/L)	45.947 ± 3.445	94.754 ± 4.453^a	66.461 ± 5.678^ab	66.195 ± 6.089^ab	93.760 ± 6.134^a	94.060 ± 6.202^a

Group I: control; Group II: model; Group III: pioglitazone; Group IV: high dose of TangGanJian (TGJ); Group V: middle dose of TGJ; Group VI: low dose of TGJ.

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

^ap < 0.05 compared with the control group.

^bp < 0.05 compared with the model group.

Table 3. Content of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in rat serum.

Groups	I	II	III	IV	V	VI
TNF-α (pg/mL)	4.696 ± 0.582	15.794 ± 3.302^a	7.278 ± 1.076^ab	6.466 ± 1.138^b	9.462 ± 1.235^ab	12.518 ± 2.358^ab
IL-6 (pg/mL)	54.897 ± 9.348	76.801 ± 8.491^a	64.740 ± 5.291^ab	71.859 ± 7.800^a	73.387 ± 9.117^a	82.525 ± 9.874^a
IL-1β (pg/mL)	34.839 ± 9.561	100.101 ± 13.150^a	52.525 ± 5.892^ab	30.520 ± 6.569^b	40.631 ± 11.507^b	94.327 ± 9.806^a
CRP (pg/mL)	0.218 ± 0.091	1.052 ± 0.079^a	0.269 ± 0.060^b	0.199 ± 0.062^b	0.329 ± 0.063^ab	0.502 ± 0.029^ab

Group I: control; Group II: model; Group III: pioglitazone; Group IV: high dose of TangGanJian (TGJ); Group V: middle dose of TGJ; Group VI: low dose of TGJ.

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

^ap < 0.05 compared with the control group.

^bp < 0.05 compared with the model group.

Table 4. Contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in rat liver.

Groups	I	II	III	IV	V	VI
SOD (U/mgprot)	24.427 ± 2.570	14.139 ± 1.479^a	18.307 ± 1.937^ab	24.200 ± 2.850^b	18.750 ± 2.681^ab	14.014 ± 2.690^a
MDA (nmol/mgprot)	3.616 ± 0.249	3.972 ± 0.159^a	3.690 ± 0.119^b	3.573 ± 0.201^b	2.813 ± 0.238	3.893 ± 0.209^a
GSH-PX (U/mgprot)	102.977 ± 9.409	81.511 ± 5.276^a	106.914 ± 11.308^b	103.254 ± 20.596^b	83.769 ± 7.764^a	84.046 ± 8.010^a

Group I: control; Group II: model; Group III: pioglitazone; Group IV: high dose of TangGanJian (TGJ); Group V: middle dose of TGJ; Group VI: low dose of TGJ.

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

^ap < 0.05 compared with the control group.

^bp < 0.05 compared with the model group.