Thermoregulatory effects of guava leaf extract-menthol toner application for post-exercise use

Figures & data

Figure 1. Time course of the experimental procedure.

Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the participants.

Characteristics	Male (n = 23)	Female (n = 41)	Total (n = 64)
Age (years)	20.0 ± 1.3	19.4 ± 1.0	19.6 ± 1.1
Weight (kg)	70.0 ± 12.6	54.8 ± 9.4	60.3 ± 12.9
Height (cm)	175.1 ± 6.3	162.3 ± 5.5	166.9 ± 8.4
RSBP (mm Hg)	122.1 ± 10.4	106.0 ± 10.0	111.8 ± 12.7
RDBP (mm Hg)	76.3 ± 5.6	69.8 ± 5.9	72.1 ± 6.6
RHR (beats/min)	72 ± 12	81 ± 11	78 ± 12

Values are presented as mean ± SD. RSBP, resting systolic blood pressure; RDBP, resting diastolic blood pressure; RHR, resting heart rate.

Table 2. The heart rate after the 5 min post-exercise resting (HR), the post-exercise perspiration after the 20 min post-cleaning (PR), and the changes in the skin temperature following the 20 min post-cleaning (T_sk) of all the participants in each test (n = 64).

Groups	GMT	PCB	BSL	p value
PR (mL)	0.1 (0.1)	0.2 (0.2)	0.2 (0.3)	0.02^a^,b
HR (beats/min)	100 (10)	101 (11)	104 (12)	0.10
Tsk (°C)	0.9 (0.8)	1.0 (0.8)	0.9 (0.5)	0.38

Values are presented as mean (SD). GMT, guava leaf extract-menthol toner; PCB, placebo; BSL, baseline.

^aSignificant difference (p < 0.05) between GMT and PCB; ^bSignificant difference (p < 0.05) between GMT and BSL.

Figure 2. The heart rate (HR) of all the participants (n = 64) after the guava leaf extract-menthol toner (GMT), placebo (PCB), and baseline (BSL) tests. Consecutive measurements were performed at 2 min intervals in the 20 min post-cleaning period. (No significant differences existed between groups; p = 0.12).

Table 3. The changes in post-exercise heart rates compared with the 2 min post-cleaning heart rate in all the participants during each group measured at 2 min intervals within the 20 min post-cleaning period (n = 64).

	Relative heart rates (beats/min)
	GMT	PCB	BSL
Change intervals
Δ4–2 min	−0.2 (5.8)	−1.6 (3.9)	−1.1 (4.3)
Δ6–2 min	−1.6 (5.6)	−2.2 (4.5)	−1.1 (5.3)
Δ8–2 min	−1.7 (6.5)	−2.8 (4.3)	−1.7 (4.4)
Δ10–2 min	−2.6 (6.1)	−2.7 (5.6)	−3.3 (5.2)
Δ12–2 min	−3.0 (5.0)	−3.3 (5.5)	−3.1 (4.7)
Δ14–2 min	−2.3 (5.9)	−4.4 (6.1)	−4.2 (5.2)
Δ16–2 min	−4.0 (6.0)	−4.8 (5.8)	−4.9 (4.9)
Δ18–2 min	−4.6 (6.5)	−4.8 (5.7)	−5.3 (5.0)
Δ20–2 min	−4.2 (6.4)	−6.0 (6.0)	−5.8 (4.1)
Between-group comparisons	p value
Group	0.39^a
Time	<0.00^b
Group × Time	0.35^c

Values are presented as mean (SD). GMT, guava leaf extract-menthol toner; PCB, placebo; BSL, baseline.

^aNo significant interaction existed between groups (p > 0.05); ^bSignificant between-group difference (p < 0.05); ^cNo significant interaction existed between groups and time (p > 0.05).