Inclusivity of on-farm demonstration: gender, age, and geographic location

Figures & data

Table 1. Supra-regions and five most common topics of on-farm demonstration.

	Total number of on-farm demonstrations with gender and/or age of participants reported	Percentage of on-farm demonstrations
Northern Europe	2046	51.1%
Eastern Europe	1219	30.5%
Southern Europe	737	18.4%
Topic: mixed/field crops	1457	22.4%
Topic: dairy	835	12.9%
Topic: root crops	789	12.2%
Topic: beef	573	8.8%
Topic: (field) vegetables	486	7.5%

Table 2. Age and gender profile of on-farm demonstration participants.

			Estimated age profile of participants					Total
			Under 25	25–40	40–55	55+	All ages
Estimates gender profile of participants	> 90% male	Count of demos	5	78	198	80	273	634
		% gender of attendees	0.8%	12.3%	31.2%	12.6%	43.1%	100%
		% of total						16.1%
	Between 75% and 90% male	Count of demos	53	285	471	42	927	1778
		% gender of attendees	3.0%	16.0%	26.5%	2.4%	52.0%	100%
		% of total						45.1%
	About 50/50	Count of demos	135	307	142	20	773	1377
		% gender of attendees	9.8%	22.3%	10.3%	1.5%	56.1%	100.0%
		% of total						34.9%
	> 75% female	Count of demos	17	32	17	3	86	155
		% gender of attendees	11.0%	20.6%	11.0%	1.9%	55.5%	100%
		% of total						3.9%
Total		Count of demos	210	702	828	145	2059	3944
		% of total	5.3%	17.8%	21.0%	3.7%	52.2%	100%

x² (12, 3944) = 454.3, p = .000.

Table 3. Gender and age distinctions of on-farm demonstration participants by Supra-region.

		Demonstrations by Supra-region						Total counts and percentages of demos
		Northern Europe		Eastern Europe		Southern Europe
Estimated percentage of attendees by gender	> 90% male	18.5%		12.8%		14.0%		572	15.4%
	Between 75% and 90% male	53.0%		35.1%		40.6%		1682	45.4%
	About 50/50	26.1%		44.5%		43.3%		1303	35.2%
	Between 75% and 90% female	2.4%		13.6%		2.2%		143	3.8%
Total counts and percentages of demos		2046	51.1%	1219	30.5%	737	18.4%	4002	100.0%
Estimated percentage of attendees by age	Under 25	4.1%		5.9%		7.4%		209	5.3%
	25–40	11.2%		24.3%		24.6%		702	17.7%
	40–55	21.5%		19.8%		21.0%		827	20.9%
	55+	4.9%		2.6%		2.2%		146	3.7%
	All ages	58.3%		47.4%		44.8%		2076	52.4%
Total counts and percentages		2010	50.8	1211	30.6	739	18.7	3960	100%
Variable (no. categories)	x^2	Df	n	P
Percentage of attendees by gender (4)	226.9	6	3700	.000
Estimated age of attendees (5)	155.2	8	3960	.000

Table 4. Most important demonstration funder by primary organiser.

			Primary event funder								Total count
			Advisory/extension service	Self-funded	Farming organisation funded	Public funded	Charity/NGO funded	Research funded	Supply chain company	Other
Primary organiser	Public/private extension or advisory service	Count	276	235	17	299	105	24	175	239	1370
		% within primary organiser	20.1%	17.2%	1.2%	21.8%	67.3%	1.8%	12.8%	17.4%
	Individual farmer	Count	26	938	22	138	9	18	34	25	1210
		% within primary organiser	2.1%	77.5%	1.8%	11.4%	5.8%	1.5%	2.8%	2.1%
	Farmers’ organisation	Count	7	233	52	87	4	3	18	20	424
		% within primary organiser	1.7%	55.0%	12.3%	20.5%	2.6%	0.7%	4.2%	4.7%
	Research institution	Count	25	194	2	287	14	173	11	3	709
		% within primary organiser	3.5%	27.4%	0.3%	40.5%	9.0%	24.4%	1.6%	0.4%
	NGO/charity etc.	Count	16	61	10	58	23	4	23	2	197
		% within primary organiser	8.1%	31.0%	5.1%	29.4%	14.7%	2.0%	11.7%	1.0%
	Supply chain company	Count	11	71	6	7	1	4	122	1	223
		% within primary organiser	4.9%	31.8%	2.7%	3.1%	.6%	1.8%	54.7%	0.4%
Total		Count	361	1732	109	876	156	226	383	290	4133
		% of Total	8.7%	41.9%	2.6%	21.2%	3.8%	5.5%	9.3%	7.0%	100.0%

x² (35, 4133) = 3000.4, p = .000.

Figure 1. Primary organiser of on-farm demonstration by Supra-region.

Table 5. National patterns in provider of on-farm demonstration.

Country	Individual farmers	Public bodies	Extension/ advisory services	Farmers’ organisations	Cooperative/networks	Private companies	Academic/research institutions	NGOs	Total providers in dataset
Northern Europe
Belgium		X		X	X		X		34
Denmark			X	X		x	x		13
Finland	X	X	x		X		x	x	30
France	x		X		X	x	X	x	74
Germany	X		X	X			x		72
Ireland	x		X	x		x	x		77
Netherlands^a	x		x		X	x	x		60
Norway	X		X	X			X		12
Sweden	x		X			x			48
Switzerland	x		X	x	X	x	X	x	22
United Kingdom	X	X	x	x	X	x	x	x	96
Eastern Europe
Croatia	X		X	x		x	x		15
Czech Republic	X		x	x			x	x	30
Estonia	X					X	x		36
Hungary	X		x				x	x	44
Latvia			X	x		x	x	x	11
Lithuania	X		x	x		x	x		30
Poland	X		X	x		x	x	x	169
Romania	X		x	x			x	x	40
Serbia	X			X			X		6
Slovakia	X			x		x		x	36
Southern Europe
Austria	X	X	X			x	X	x	12
Bulgaria	X	X	X	x		X	X	x	75
Cyprus		X							2
Greece						x	X	x	7
Italy		X	x	x		X	X		32
Malta		X		x	X				5
Portugal	x	X		x	X		X		11
Slovenia		X	x	x		X	x	X	15
Spain	X	X	x			X	x	x	61
									1162

Key: X – main providers; x – minor providers.

^a Note that the church continues to be involved in farm demonstration in the Netherlands.

Source: PLAID WP3 Synthesis Report.

Table 6. On-farm demonstration by organiser by age and gender of participants.

			Advisory/extension service	Individual farmer	Farmers’ organisation	Research institution	NGO/charity etc.	Supply chain company	Total
% gender of demo participants	> 90% male	Count of demos	281	142	78	45	25	65	636
		% within Primary organiser	23.9%	11.7%	20.5%	6.3%	11.6%	28.5%	16.2%
	Between 75% and 90% male	Count of demos	645	367	175	388	93	111	1779
		% within Primary organiser	54.9%	30.2%	46.1%	54.4%	43.3%	48.7%	45.3%
	About 50/50	Count of demos	216	620	120	264	89	50	1359
		% within Primary organiser	18.4%	50.9%	31.6%	37.0%	41.4%	21.9%	34.6%
	> 75% female	Count of demos	33	88	7	16	8	2	154
		% within Primary organiser	2.8%	7.2%	1.8%	2.2%	3.7%	.9%	3.9%
	Total	Count of demos	1175	1217	380	713	215	228	3928
Average age of attendees	Under 25	Count of demos	38	83	11	63	8	7	210
		% within Primary organiser	3.2%	6.9%	2.9%	9.0%	3.7%	3.1%	5.4%
	25–40	Count of demos	135	336	81	77	44	22	695
		% within Primary organiser	11.5%	27.9%	21.4%	11.0%	20.6%	9.9%	17.9%
	40–55	Count of demos	226	199	138	113	64	73	813
		% within primary organiser	19.3%	16.5%	36.5%	16.2%	29.9%	32.7%	20.9%
	55+	Count of demos	78	16	33	5	14	0	146
		% within Primary organiser	6.7%	1.3%	8.7%	.7%	6.5%	0.0%	3.8%
	All ages	Count of demos	693	572	115	441	84	121	2026
		% within Primary organiser	59.2%	47.4%	30.4%	63.1%	39.3%	54.3%	52.1%
	Total	Count of demos	1170	1206	378	699	214	223	3890
Variable (no. categories)	x^2	Df	n	P
Percentage of attendees by gender (4)	481.0	15	3928	.000
Estimated age of attendees (5)	424.4	20	3890	.000