Association between glycometabolic status in the acute phase and 2½ years after an acute coronary syndrome

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Flow chart of studied patients (ACS = acute coronary syndrome; DM = diabetes mellitus; STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI = non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; UAP = unstable angina pectoris).

Table I.  Clinical characteristics and discharge diagnosis by admission plasma glucose concentrations

Plasma glucose at admission (mmol/l)	<6.1 (n = 324)	6.1 – 6.9 (n = 184)	≥7.0 (n = 254)	p-value*
Age (median)(years)	66	65	65
Women (%)	30	28	24	0.14
Previous medical history (%)
Myocardial infarction	24	22	19	0.16
Angina pectoris	58	47	37	<0.0001
Hypertension	36	38	35
Heart failure	4	5	6
Stroke	5	5	4
Claudication	8	9	6	0.20
Hyperlipidemia	31	31	25	0.11
Cardiac arrest	1	<1 2
Atrial fibrillation	5	4	6
CABG	10	11	6	0.04
PCI	9	12	6	0.03
COPD	5	6	6
Heart valve disorder	2	1	2
Current smoker	27	30	34	0.09
BMI (median) (kg/m2)	25.9	26.2	25.9
Peak CK-MB (mmol/l)(median)	8	41	114	<0.0001
Leucocyte count at admission (x10E9/l) (median)	7.5	8.5	9.3	<0.0001
Complication during hospital
stay (%)
Atrial fibrillation	3	9	12	0.0006
Heart failure	3	9	19	<0.0001
Diagnosis (%)				<0.0001
STEMI	20	34	59
NSTEMI	30	34	28
UAP	50	32	13

CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI = body mass index; CK-MB = creatin kinase MB; STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI = non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; UAP = unstable angina pectoris

*p-value for difference betwean patients with plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and < 7.0 mmol/l at admission (i.e. those in group 3 against those in group 1 and 2), given if below 0.2.

Figure 2.  Glycometabolic status (NFG = normal fasting glucose; IFG = impaired fasting glucose; DM = diabetes mellitus) at 2½ year follow-up, after classification according to admission plasma glucose levels (group 1 = patients with plasma glucose < 6.1 mmol/l; group 2 = patients with plasma glucose 6.1 – 6.9 mmol/l; group 3 = patients with plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l).

Figure 3.  Glycometabolic status (NFG = normal fasting glucose; IFG = impaired fasting glucose; DM = diabetes mellitus) at 2½ year follow-up, after classification according to admission HbA1c (group 1 = patients with HbA1c ≤ 4.5%; group 2 = patients with HbA1c 4.6–5.4%; group 3 = patients with HbA1c ≥ 5.5%).