Effects of tramadol on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Diagrammatic presentation of the experimental protocol.

Table I.  Hemodynamic and coronary flow measurements of the groups in pre-ischemic and post-ischemic period. There were six rats in each group. Values are expressed as±standard deviation of the mean (±SD)

	Group	Systolic pressure (mmHg)	+dP/dtmax	Coronary flow
Stabilization period	I	89.1±13.3	3645±487	15.8±6.7
	II	89.7±21	3788±721	17.1±5.5
	III	82.9±18.5	3784±336	17.6±10.5
	IV	74.7±7.4	3660±240	10.5±1.1
Reperfusion 20 min	I	75.2±18.7	3162±644	12.8±9.6
	II	81.3±16.1	3296±637*	17.1±7.9
	III	58.5±6.1	2364±225*	14.6±7.9
	IV	72.3±14.3	2818±617	6.0±1.7
Reperfusion 40 min	I	71.9±16.7	2820±688	12.8±9.6
	II	79.8±16.3*	3256±620*	17.1±8.4
	III	56.7±6.6*	2291±246*	15.5±9.4
	IV	70.4±11.9	2746±504	5.7±1.3
Reperfusion 60 min	I	70.9±15.3	2650±914	12.6±9.4
	II	77.3±19.4*	2968±838	16.1±8.2
	III	50.5±4.8*	2106±118	15.5±9.4
	IV	64.9±12.8	2562±540	5.6±1.4

Figure 2.  Effects of Tramadol on oxidative stress indicators. Values are expressed as the median (25th, 75th percentiles). *p > 0.05, statistically significant than group IV.

Table II.  Biochemical results of the groups. Values are expressed as the median (25th, 75th percentiles)

Group	MDA (nmol/mg pro)	GPx (U/mg pro)	SOD (U/mg pro)	CK-MB (U/L)	LDH (U/L)
I	0.99 (0.88–1.10)	334 (294–363)*	4.17 (3.86–4.25)*	0 (0–0.25)	4.5 (1.75–5.25)*†
II	0.80 (0.68–0.96)	358 (340–385)	3.89 (3.07–4.14)*	0.5 (0–1)	4 (3–5.25)*†
III	0.92 (0.75–1.09)	342 (321–351)*	4.15 (3.13–5.75)*	0 (01.25)	10 (6.5–12.2)
IV	1.07 (1.03–1.21)	419 (361–456)	2.42 (2.32–2.49)	0.5 (0–1)	7.5 (6–12)

*p > 0.05, statistically significant than group IV.

†p > 0.05, statistically significant than group III.