Octogenarians died mainly of cardiovascular diseases five years after acute coronary syndrome

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics: comparison between men and women.

Parameters	Total, n = 181	Female, n = 70	Male, n = 111	P
Age, years, (mean ± SD), n = 181	83.7 ± 2.8	83.9 ± 2	83.6 ± 3	.545
Dead (%), n = 181	46	44	47	.649
Cardiovascular mortality (% of total mortality), n = 181	70	80	64	.111
Dependency in ADL (%), n = 181	6	6	6	.871
Current smoker (%), n = 177	5	1	7	.087
Prior smoker (%), n = 130	54	51	56	.599
Body mass index, (kg/m^2), (mean ± SD), n = 166	25 ± 4	25 ± 3	25 ± 4	.458
Clinical findings
STEMI (%)	51	61	45	.028
NSTEMI (%)	35	31	37	.404
Unstable angina pectoris (%)	14	7	18	.041
Heart rate (beats/min) (mean ± SD), n = 170	79 ± 24	78 ± 21	79 ± 26	.790
Systolic BP (mm Hg) (mean ± SD), n = 171	150 ± 27	146 ± 25	153 ± 28	.105
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) (mean ± SD), n = 170	84 ± 16	84 ± 14	85 ± 17	.817
EF % (mean ± SD), n = 162	48 ± 11	47 ± 11	48 ± 11	.401
MR, grade ≥1 (scale 0.5–4) (%), n = 152	33	34	32	.871
AS of any grade (%), n = 143	15	15	16	.861
TR, grade >2 (scale 0.5–4) (%), n = 152	6	8	5	.436
Laboratoy findings
Cholesterol (mmol/L) (mean ± SD)	4.6 ± 1.1	4.8 ± 1.2	4.4 ± 1.1	.140
Hemoglobin (g/L) (mean ± SD), n = 169	133 ± 16	131 ± 17	134 ± 16	.298
eGFR (ml/min) (mean ± SD), n = 164	53 ± 17	53 ± 18	53 ± 16	.810
Comorbidities
Atrial fibrillation (%), n = 175	19	21	19	.518
Hypertension (%), n = 181	65	65	65	.962
Diabetes mellitus (%), n = 167	29	21	21	.936
Malignancies (%), n = 180	13	11	14	.588
Prior myocardial infarction (%), n = 180	30	32	28	.554
Prior CABG (%), n = 180	5	9	4	.147
Prior PCI (%), n = 179	7	7	6	.818
Medications at admission
Aspirin (%), n = 176	48	51	46	.504
Beta-blockers (%), n = 174	55	51	56	.523
ACEI/ARB (%), n = 175	30	33	28	.477

ADL: Activities of daily living; MR: Mitral valve regurgitation; AS: Aortic valve stenosis; TR: Tricuspid valve regurgitation; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; ACEI: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: Angiotensin converting enzyme blockers.

Table 2. Independent predictors of five-year cardiovascular mortality from multivariable cox proportional-hazard regression analysis.

	Hazard ratio[95% Conferenceinterval]	p-Value
Culprit lesion in left coronary arteries	2.2 [1.0–4.8]	.040
Complications during index hospitalization	1.9 [1.1–3.1]	.018
Female sex	2.2 [1.1–4.6]	.032

Table 3. Independent predictors of re-hospitalizations from negative binomial regression models.

	Hazard ratio[95% Conferenceinterval]	p-Value
Five-year cardiovascular readmissions
Female sex	2.1 [1.4–3.1]	.001
Complications during index hospitalization	1.9 [1.1–3.1]	.018
Medication with beta-blockers	0.4 [0.2–0.8]	.012
Five-year non-cardiovascular readmissions
Prior smoker	2.1 [1.2–3.8]	.012

Figure 1. Distribution of causes of deaths and hospital readmissions.