Impact of new-onset diabetes on clinical outcomes after ST segment-elevated myocardial infarction

Figures & data

Figure 1. Selection of patients with STEMI who had successfully primary PCI and survived more than 30 days after PCI from 1st January 2003 to 31st December 2009. STEMI: ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention.

Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for free of adverse outcomes in NOD group and non-NOD groups. MACEs: Major adverse cardiac events; MI: Myocardial infarction; NODM: New-onset diabetes.

Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics after 1:2 propensity score matching of non-diabetes patients at index admission.

	NOD group (n = 68)	Non-NOD group (n = 136)	p value
Male, n (%)	58 (85)	117 (86)	1.000
Age (years) means (SD)	54 (11)	53 (12)	.545
Killip class
1, n (%)	55 (81)	114 (84)	.694
2, n (%)	7 (10)	12 (9)	.800
3, n (%)	3 (4)	7 (5)	1.000
4, n (%)	3 (4)	3 (2)	.403
Hypertension, n (%)	29 (43)	60 (44)	.882
Smoking, n (%)	46 (68)	98 (72)	.519
Dyslipidemia, n (%)	7 (10)	12 (9)	.800
Familial history of CAD, n (%)	8 (12)	15 (11)	1.000
PAOD, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Old CVA, n (%)	1 (2)	4 (3)	.667
ESRD, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Obesity (BMI > 25kg/m^2), n (%)	35 (52)	57 (42)	.294
Diseased vessel
Single vessel disease, n (%)	36 (53)	65 (48)	.553
Multi vessel disease, n (%)	32 (47)	71 (52)	.553
LVEF (%) (SD)	54 (11)	53 (!1)	.454
Infarct-related vessels
LAD, n (%)	38 (56)	79 (58)	.766
LCX, n (%)	3 (4)	7 (5)	1.000
RCA, n (%)	27 (38)	50 (37)	.760
LM, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Discharged medication
Aspirin, n (%)	67 (99)	136 (99)	.333
Clopidogrel, n (%)	62 (91)	126 (93)	.784
ACEi, ARB, n (%)	65 (96)	133 (98)	.119
Beta-blocker, n (%)	52 (77)	104 (77)	1.000
Statin, n (%)	40 (59)	83 (61)	.764
CCB, n (%)	12 (18)	26 (17)	.851
Diuretics, n (%)	4 (6)	19 (14)	.103
Nitrate, n (%)	48 (71)	95 (70)	1.000
Warfarin, n (%)	0 (0)	3 (2)	.552

CAD: Coronary artery disease; PAOD: Peripheral artery obstructive disease; CVA: Cerebrovascular attack; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; BMI: Body mass index; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LAD: Left anterior descending artery; LCX: Left circumflex artery; RCA: Right coronary artery; LM: Left main artery; ACEi: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotension receptor blocker; CCB: Calcium channel blocker.

Values are means ± standard deviation (SD) or numbers (%).

Table 2. Clinical outcomes of NOD group and non-NOD group after 1:2 propensity score matching.

	NOD (n = 68)	Non-NOD (n = 136)	p value
MACEs, n (%)	11 (16)	24 (18)	.791
All-cause death, n (%)	3 (4)	8 (6)	.661
Recurrent MI, n (%)	3 (4)	6 (4)	.691
TVR, n (%)	2 (3)	3 (2)	1.000

NOD: New onset diabetes; MACEs: Major adverse cardiac events; MI: Myocardial infarction; TVR: Target vessel revascularization.

Table 3. Clinical outcomes of early NOD group and late NOD group.

	Early NOD (n = 32)	Late NOD (n = 36)	p value
MACEs, n (%)	3 (9)	8 (22)	.196
All-cause death, n (%)	2 (6)	1 (3)	.598
Recurrent MI, n (%)	0 (0)	3 (8)	.241
TVR, n (%)	1 (3)	4 (11)	.360

NOD: New onset diabetes; MACEs: Major adverse cardiac events; MI: Myocardial infarction; TVR: Target vessel revascularization.

Table 4. Cox’s proportional hazard model (95% CI).

Variables	Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)	p value
MACEs
Age	1.020 (0.997–1.042)	.084
Hypertension	0.671 (0.391–1.151)	.147
Dyslipidemia	0.479 (0.115–1.990)	.311
LVEF	0.993 (0.969–1.017)	.550
NOD	0.697 (0.362–1.345)	.282
All-cause mortality
Age	1.083 (1.039–1.129)	<.001
Hypertension	0.852 (0.325–2.234)	.745
Dyslipidemia	–	–
LVEF	0.976 (0.935–1.019)	.271
NOD	0.625 (0.179–2.183)	.461
Recurrent MI
Age	0.984 (0495–0.984)	.984
Hypertension	0.553 (0.938–1.031)	.495
Dyslipidemia	0.482 (0.116–2.009)	.317
LVEF	0.994 (0.970–1.018)	.605
NOD	0.794 (0.223–2.835)	.723
TVR
Age	1.020 (0.997–1.042)	.084
Hypertension	0.671 (0.391–1.151)	.147
Dyslipidemia	0.482 (0.116–2.009)	.317
LVEF	0.994 (0.970–1.018)	.605
NOD	0.506 (0.196–1.303)	.158

CI: Confidence interval; MACEs: Major adverse cardiac events; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; NOD: New-onset diabetes; MI: Myocardial infarction; TVR: Target vessel revascularization.