Patients with infective endocarditis referred to Division of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases at Oslo University Hospital between 2014 and 2017

Figures & data

Figure 1. Yearly incidence of infective endocarditis: Number of patients admitted to Division of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases at Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, between 2014 and 2017.

Figure 2. Number of patients admitted with infective endocarditis, sorted by age and sex.

Figure 3. Percentage of infected valves that were native, unoperated or previously operated. Previously operated valves were further divided into biological valve replacements, mechanical valve replacements and valvuloplasties.

Table 1. Characteristics of the 291 patients with infective endocarditis.

	Total, n = 291
Age (years)	61.3 ± 13.8
Gender
Male	220 (75.6%)
Female	71 (24.4%)
Affected valve
Aortic	151 (51.9%)
Mitral	82 (28.2%)
Pulmonal	4 (1.4%)
Tricuspid	7 (2.4%)
Multiple valves	43 (14.8%)
Aortic + mitral	33 (11.3%)
Aortic + tricuspid	3 (1.0%)
Other combinations	7 (2.4%)
Others^a	4 (1.4%)
Treatment
Surgical	238 (81.8%)
Conservative	53 (18.2%)

^a Unspecified valve (n = 1), PM/ICD (n = 3).

Table 2. Distribution of microbial agents.

	Total, n = 291
Staphylococcus aureus	55 (18.9%)
Coagulase-negative staphylococci^a	23 (7.9%)
Streptococci	102 (35.1%)
Alpha-hemolytic	70 (24.1%)
Beta-hemolytic	24 (8.2%)
Gamma-hemolytic	6 (2.1%)
Unspecified	2 (0.7%)
Enterococci	43 (14.8%)
HACEK	3 (1.0%)
Fungi^b	2 (0.7%)
Others^c	19 (6.5%)
Mixed infection	8 (2.7%)
Unidentified	36 (12.4%)

^a Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus albus.

^b Candida albicans, Exophiala dermatitidis.

^c Finegoldia magna, Granulicatella adiacens, Gemella, Aerococcus urinae, Lactobacilli, Propionibacterium acnes, Coxiella burnetii.

Table 3. Characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis treated surgically (n = 238) and conservatively (n = 53).

	Surgical, n = 238	Conservative, n = 53	p Value
Age (years)	60.4 ± 13.7	65.4 ± 13.7	.02
Gender
Male	184 (77.3%)	36 (67.9%)	.15
Female	54 (22.7%)	17 (32.1%)
Valve status
Native valves	159 (66.8%)	26 (49.1%)	.02
Previous valve surgery	79 (33.2%)	27 (50.9%)
Biological	44 (18.5%)	18 (34.0%)	.01
Mechanical	31 (13.0%)	6 (11.3%)
Valvuloplasty	4 (1.7%)	3 (5.7%)
Surgical indication
Hemodynamic	122 (51.3%)
Uncontrolled infection	11 (4.6%)
Septic embolization	37 (15.5%)
Multiple indications	68 (28.6%)
Affected valve
Aortic	127 (53.4%)	24 (45.3%)	.29
Mitral	69 (29.0%)	13 (24.5%)	.51
Tricuspid	4 (1.7%)	0 (0.0%)
Pulmonal	3 (1.3%)	4 (7.5%)
Multiple valves	34 (14.3%)	9 (17.0%)	.62
Others	1 (0.4%)	3 (5.7%)
Microbial agent
Staph aureus	42 (17.6%)	13 (24.5%)	.25
Coagulase-negative staphylococci	18 (7.6%)	5 (9.4%)	.65
Streptococci	86 (36.1%)	16 (30.2%)	.41
Enterococci	37 (15.5%)	6 (11.3%)	.41

Figure 4. Kaplan–Meier’s plot illustrating survival rates year by year.

Table 4. Characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis who were alive (n = 231) and dead (n = 60) after 1 year.

	Alive, n = 231	Dead, n = 60	p Value
Age (years)	59.8 ± 14.1	67.3 ± 10.9	<.001
Gender
Male	181 (78.4%)	39 (65.0%)	.03
Female	50 (21.6%)	21 (35.0%)
Valve status
Native	150 (64.9%)	35 (58.3%)	.34
Previous valve surgery	81 (35.1%)	25 (41.7%)
Biological	45 (19.5%)	17 (28.3%)	.14
Mechanical	29 (12.6%)	8 (13.3%)
Valvuloplasty	7 (3.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Affected valve
Aortic	119 (51.5%)	32 (53.3%)	.80
Mitral	64 (27.7%)	18 (30.0%)	.72
Tricuspid	4 (1.7%)	0 (0.0%)
Pulmonal	7 (3.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Multiple valves	34 (14.7%)	9 (15.0%)	.96
Other	3 (1.3%)	1 (1.7%)
Microbial agent
Staph aureus	40 (17.3%)	15 (25.0%)	.18
Coagulase-negative staph	19 (8.2%)	4 (6.7%)
Streptococci	87 (37.7%)	15 (25.0%)	.07
Alpha-hemolytic	64 (27.7%)	6 (10.0%)	.02
Beta-hemolytic	17 (7.4%)	7 (11.7%)	.28
Enterococci	33 (14.3%)	10 (16.7%)	.64
Mixed infection	5 (2.2%)	3 (5.0%)
Other	14 (6.1%)	5 (8.3%)
Unspecified/unknown	28 (12.1%)	8 (13.3%)
Treatment
Surgery	201 (87.0%)	37 (61.7%)	<.001
Conservative	30 (13.0%)	23 (38.3%)