Making secret hiding places: An occupation of childhood

Figures & data

Figure 1. Outline of the data analysis process

Note: Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis (Mayring, 2000; Mayring & Gläser-Zikuda, 2008).

Table 1. Characteristics of studies included in the meta-ethnography study

Authors and year	Participants (age/n)	Country of data collection	Outdoor play context (urban/rural; play setting)
Almers et al. (2020)	4 years / 23	Sweden	Urban; School yards
Aminpour et al. (2020)	8–10 years / -	Australia	Urban; School yards
Bartie et al. (2016)	5-6 years/ 6	South-Africa	Rural; Community play spaces
Jansson (2015)	6-11 years / 141	Sweden	Urban; Community playgrounds
Jansson et al. (2016)	10-11 years / 16	Sweden	Urban; Community play spaces
D. Moore et al. (2021)	4-5 years / 6	Australia	Urban; Schoolyards
Saragih & Tedja (2018)	9-12 years / 10	Indonesia	Urban; Community play spaces

Table 2. Characteristics of studies included in the literature review study

Authors (year)	Participants (age/n)	Country of data collection	Environment of data collection	Data collection methods	Ethical considerations
Corson et al. (2014)	3-5 years / 17	USA	Indoors (classrooms, at home)	Observations and interaction with children Semi-structured interviews supported with arts material with children	Study approved by university internal review board Parents gave informed consent Children gave verbal assent
Green (2015)	3-5 years / 31	USA	Indoors (classrooms, at home)	Puppet show for study introduction and relationship building Children’s book entitled My Own Special Place (specifically designed for the study) to introduce concept of special places and to stimulate discussions Art works created by children (children could choose art material) Home visits with children and their families including place tours led by children and informal interviews with parents	Study was approved by an institutional review board for human subjects Parents gave informed consent Children gave verbal assent
Adamian & Obukhov (2019)	5-16 years / 14	Russia	Outdoors (village)	Visual anthropology techniques, including observations, video recordings, interviews with children and adults	No information
Moore et al. (2021)	4-5 years / 6	Australia	Outdoors (preschool play spaces)	Participatory methodology using the Mosaic Approach with children, including: Interviews with children Photographs Child-led tours Map-making Drawing Positioning wishing-stones	Parents gave informed consent Children gave verbal and written assent
Motta & Ferreira (2022)	2-6 years / -	Portugal	Outdoors (preschool setting)	Researcher took the position of a companion in children’s play, and collected data through: Observations of children Informal conversations with children Interviews with educators Visual resources	Children consented verbally

Figure 2. Making secret hiding places in natural and built environments (under a tree and in a niche between a wall and a building)

Note: Both pictures were taken during the data collection for the interview study.

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