Yet another paradigm change? Narratives and competing policy paradigms in Brazilian labour market policies

Figures & data

Table 1. The Keynesian-Beveridge and the neoliberal welfare paradigms.

	Keynesian-Beveridge paradigm	Neoliberal welfare paradigm
Policy problem, political objective and policy theory	Demand deficient mass unemployment and povertyGoal: Full employment Theory: Market failures, macro-economic steering required through counter-cyclical demand management	Stagflation and labour market hysteresis Goal: Non-inflationary growth and undistorted labour market allocation Theory: Trade-off between equity and efficiency, welfare (state failure) crowds out private economic initiative, collective rent-seeking
Policy instruments	Income-replacing social insurance, job protection, fiscal stimulus	Benefit curtailment, deregulation, liberalization, privatization, fiscal discipline to enforce structural reform
Governance prerequisite	Strong state, social partnership concertation	New public management to pre-empt organised rent-seeking and bureaucratic capture by distributive coalitions

Source: own design, based on Hemerijck (2018)

Table 2. Descriptive overview of narratives in media and party political releases.

	Neutral	Opposing the reform	Advocating the reform	Stories of Decline	Stories of Rising	Stories of Power – Helplessness	Stories of Power – Control
Media	49	5	72	14	50	3	38
PSDB	1	0	63	21	44	0	45
PT	4	56	0	19	0	8	16

Source: own compilation based on the empirical analysis

Table 3. Narratives on the labour reform and connection to policy paradigms.

	Keynesian-Beveridge paradigm (source: Hemerijck, 2018)	Narratives of the opponents of the Brazilian labour reform	Neoliberal welfare paradigm (source: Hemerijck, 2018)	Narratives of the supporters of the Brazilian labour reform
Policy problem, political objective and policy theory	Demand deficient mass unemployment and poverty Goal: Full employment Theory: Market failures, macro-economic steering required through counter-cyclical demand management	Right-wing and capitalist government causes economic crisis Illegitimate assumption of power Reform will deepen the economic crisis Criticism of ‘neoliberal’ Temer governments	Stagflation and labour market hysteresis Goal: Non-inflationary growth and undistorted labour market allocation Theory: Trade-off between equity and efficiency, welfare (state failure) crowds out private economic initiative, collective rent-seeking	Economic mismanagement of PT governments created crisis Overregulation in labour laws limits competitiveness Outdated labour laws – modernization needed Missing credibility on international markets Confidence of international investors needed
Policy instruments	Income-replacing social insurance Job protection Fiscal stimulus	In times of economic recession more protection of workers needed Labour reform as end of social welfare Destroy the redistributive state Reform will lead to precarisation of employment, decrease in salaries Reform will increase inequality	Benefit curtailment Deregulation Liberalization Privatization Fiscal discipline to enforce structural reform	Structural reforms to recuperate economic growth Stimulation of investments Flexibilisation of labour laws needed Deregulation of labour market Labour reform will create employment Reform will stimulate investments and growth Outsourcing Allow temporary work Tax reform Pension reform
Governance prerequisite	Strong state Social partnership Concertation	Labour reform will decrease workers’ representation Destroy historical achievements of labour movement	New public management to pre-empt organised rent-seeking and bureaucratic capture by distributive coalitions	End of compulsory union fee Reduction of labour court cases Strengthening of collective agreements

Source: own compilation, based on classification by Hemerijck (2018) and empirical analysis

Figure 1. Processing of the Brazilian labour reform of 2017.

Source: own design

Figure 2. Results of the voting on the Brazilian labour reform in the chamber of deputies on 26 April 2017.

Source: own design; data from the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies (Deputados, 2017a)

Table

Number	Date	Newspaper	Main content	Neutral	Contra reform	Pro reform	Stories of Decline	Stories of Rising	Power – Helplessness	Power – Control
1	08–12-2016	O Estado de S. Paulo	Low demand, political crisis hurting economy, companies not investing, reforma trabalhista is necessary.			1	1
2	09–12-2016	O Estado de S. Paulo	Aecio Neves cited that reforma trabalhista is a priority. Pressure on Temer by PSDB senators to recuperate economic growth.			1	1			1
3	17–12-2016	O Globo	Government announces measures to stimulate the economy, details on the reforma trabalhista, more flexibilisation. The announced package was welcomed by investors and had positive impact on the stock.			1		1
4	20–12-2016	O Estado de S. Paulo	Government wants to speed up the reforma trabalhista, to show that the government is not paralized. Government knows that there will be severe resistance.	1						1
5	22–12-2016	O Globo	Announcement that the reforma trabalhista will be send as a bill to congress and not as a Médida Provisoria. This is welcomed by a speaker of the unions.	1
6	22–12-2016	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by a Professor and President of the Council of Work: Unemployment is a challenge. Good choice of Temer to invest in infrastructure to tackle unemployment. Appreciation of the turn away from the “state mentality and interventionism” of Presidents Dilma and Lula. Economy could be further stimulated if the announced reforma trabalhista was passed.			1	1	1		1
7	23–12-2016	O Globo	The government announced measures that have the potential to stimulate the economy. An economist is cited who argues that the reforma trabalhista is an important structural reform for the long-term.			1		1
8	23–12-2016	O Globo	Announcement of the reforma trabalhista is a positive signal to the market. The goverment “inherited” an economic recession Temer is cited.			1	1	1	1	1
9	28–12-2016	O Estado de S. Paulo	In view of the Lava Jato the government is trying to improve it’s image. Among others with the reforma trabalhista.	1
10	31–12-2016	O Globo	Government launched a TV spot defending the reforms taken. The reforma trabalhista is confronted with resistance among senators and deputies.	1
11	02–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Interview with President of the Camara Rodrigo Maia. He sais that the reforma trabalhista is contested but important. There is an excess of worker’s regulations. The reforms will help to recover growth and generate employment.			1		1		1
12	02–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary of an economist. Measures to create conditions to generate economic growth have to be passed. The Temer government has made important advancements in the short time and in face of the political crisis. The reforma trabalhista is luckily taken to congress and is pointing the right direction. The consolidation of labour laws is necessay and will increase productivity and recover economic growth.			1		1		1
13	03–01-2017	O Globo	The President of the Camara Rodrigo Maia emphasizes the need to vote for the reforma trabalhista for the “revival of investiments and employment in the country”.			1		1		1
14	03–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The President of the Camara Rodrigo Maia defends the approval of the reforma trabalhista.			1		1		1
15	10–01-2017	O Globo	Rogério Rosso (PSD) candidate for the Presidency of the Camara defends the reforma trabalhista.			1		1		1
16	10–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Protests against Temer during his visit to Rio Grande do Sul from unionists and social movements against the reforma trabalhista.	1
17	10–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by a lawyer and former minister of work: Support for the reforma trabalhista.			1		1		1
18	12–01-2017	O Globo	Report on inflation. An economist is cited, arguing that problems with the approbation of the reforma trabalhista may worsen the forecasts.			1		1		1
19	15–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The government is negotiating to obtain support for the reforma trabalhista.	1
20	19–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary of the leader of PCdoB: the party supports candidate Maia despite different positions regarding the reforma trabalhista PCdoB will fight for worker’s rights.		1
21	19–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	President of the Camara Roberto Maia advocated the rapid processing of the reforma trabalhista to increase flexibilization, to reduce unemployment and to stimulate investments.			1		1
22	19–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by an economist: Rousseff’s speciality was economic chaos, she is to be blamed for the situation, Temer has initiated that chaos. Temer has initiated some important steps for the economy. Reforma trabalhista is one of those.			1	1		1	1
23	22–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The opposition candidate Andé Figueiredo (PDT-CE) for the President of the Camara states that the current legislation is not the reason for the unemployment. If that was so there during the Lula and the Dilma government there would not have been thousands of jobs created. To tackle unemployment economic growth is needed.		1
24	23–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by the President of the Academia Paulista de letras Jurídicas: reforma trabalhista necessary to guarantee current jobs and create future jobs.			1		1		1
25	23–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The focus of the Temer government is completely on the economy. The reforma trabalhista and other measures to reactivate growth.The high unemployment rates of 2016 contribute to the unpopularity of Temer.			1		1
26	25–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by a general labour attorney: The Ministry of Work confirmed that part of the legislation of the reforma trabalhista currently negotiated in congress are unconstitutional. Several unions and other organizations proposed a document to “protect social rights”. The reform will lead to an enormous imbalance between employers and employees. The group aims at defending workers and social rights.		1
27	26–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The executive plans to bring the reforma trabalhista through the legislative process as a matter of urgency, meaning that congress has only 45 days and the senate 45 day to process the reform.	1
28	27–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by an attorney of law and former minister of work: the path to revitalize the job market is the reforma trabalhista. Necessary to confront new challenges in the labour market such as globalization and digitalization.			1		1		1
29	29–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The reforma trabalhista is a significant change for the unionist system in Brazil and presents the biggest transformations since the Getúlio Vargas times. If the union fees become voluntary, this may lead to the positive effect that unions care more about there members than about power and politics.			1
30	29–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Political priority of the government is to reactivate growth. Important policies to be processed in the first semester of the year, among them the reforma trabalhista.			1		1		1
31	30–01-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The reforma trabalhista is contested and it is unclear if it will reduce unemployment on the short run, but it fulfills an important claim of the employers to reduce labour costs in Brazil. A reform is unavoidable and will rebalance relations between employers and employees. Though the reform might not ease unemployment now, it will be significant on the long term.			1		1		1
32	01–02-2017	O Globo	Reforms will be undertaken that the government considers fundamental to generate employment and to reach an equilibrium in public spending, such as the reforma trabalhista.			1		1
33	01–02-2017	O Globo	President of the Central Bank reports on inflation and sais that reforms such as the planned reforma trabalhista will be important for the economy to grow again.			1		1
34	02–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The newly elected President of the Senate Eunício de Oliveira sais the project of outsourcing has priority as one of the three pillars of the reforma trabalhista.			1
35	02–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by a consultant: the proposals for the reforma trabalhista are “healthy” and realistic, though it is unclear how they are going to be treated in congress.			1		1		1
36	03–02-2017	O Globo	The reelection of Maia as President of the Camara is the starting point for a “reformist“ congress, whose interest it is to advance the voting for the government reforms, especially the reforma trabalhista. Maia announced to install a commission to analyse the bill for the reforma trabalhista and said that he will give the ”liberal” Rogério Marinhi (PSDB-RN) the post of the reporter within the commision.			1		1		1
37	04–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	To pass the reforma trabalhista, Temer needs to tackle the “rebellion” within the PMDB fraction in Senate.	1
38	05–02-2017	O Globo	The reforma trabalhista is not only decided upon in congress but influenced by the Federal Court of Justice where several proceedings are ongoing concerning the relations between employers and employees.	1
39	09–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The deputy Rogério Marinho (PSDB-RN) argues that updating labour laws is essential because the current labour laws are fascist since they are based on the “Carta de Lavoro” of Mussolini from 1927.			1	1	1
40	10–02-2017	O Globo	The commission to discuss the reforma trabalhista was installed in the Camara with the deputies Daniel Vilela (PMDB-GO) as President and Rogério Marinho (PSDB-RN) as reporter. The activities will begin on February 14th and include hearing of unions and worker’s associations.	1
41	10–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Rogério Marinho (PSDB-RN) defends the decision to exclude sensitive topics from the reforma trabalhista, especially the questions of outsourcing, to not delay the reform further. Regarding the reform he argues that worker’s rights will not be cut but only modernized.			1		1		1
42	11–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The President of the Federal Court of Justice Ives Gandra argues that the discussed reforma trabalhista must reduce “bias, paternalism and interventionism“ of labour laws. He argues that the reform will end with existing legal uncertainties. He argues that with the current insecurity, Brazil will transform into another Venezuela and that ”we want to escape a civil war and a destruction of the economy”. He sais that the economic crisis is not to be blamed for the reform but that the crisis is the motor to pass the reform. In addition an economist is cited who argues that the reform will not reduce worker’s rights but that the new forms of negotiation will improve the relations between employers and employees. Movements away from the current regulations will help to improve productivity and the climate within the companies.			1	1	1	1	1
43	12–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	President Temer scores bad in surveys of popularity. Pressured by the urgency imposed b the crisis he passed a total of 62 measures.He plans to pass the reforma trabalhista with the aim to modernize labour relations.			1		1		1
44	12–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Rogério Marinho argues that an important element of the reforma trabalhista is the review of the model of syndicalism. He argues that there are to many unions, more than 16 thousand. He cites England as an example with only 200. He likewise states that achieving consensus will be difficult, therefore a majority must be built.			1
45	14–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by a professor of economy: Temer assumed office with an unpopular but indispensable reform agenda, among them the reforma trabalhista. Passing these reforms is indispensable for economic recovery.			1		1		1
46	17–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The government did not include the proposal for intermittent work in the reforma trabalhista, but is open to a legislative initiative. He argues that the measure could create more te 5 million temporal work places. The President of the Federal Court of Justice is cited who argues that if nothing is done, Brazil is going a similar path as Venezuela.			1	1	1		1
47	18–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The reforma trabalhista is a structural reform of national interest. The confidence of the market in economic stability is increasing despite current bad economic prognostics.			1		1
48	21–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentar by a professor for labour relations: the reforma trabalhista is an important step to modernize labour relations. The reform of the unions seems to be more difficult than the reform of labour laws. The current system of monopolies in the representation of workers, impedes pluralism in union organization. The current system serves the “union machinery”.			1		1
49	22–02-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The commission working on the reforma trabalhista received almost a hundred requests for audiences and will realize 16 events in 16 different cities to discuss movements in labour laws. Marinho explains that nevertheless he will stick to the foreseen timetable to avoid delay.	1
50	02–03-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Following carnival the government is taking up ist economic reform agenda. The reforma trabalhista is still being negotiated in the special commissions within the Camara. Another proposal to incentivize the economy is the outsourcing reform which has been planned first in 1988. The government considers the reform as an instrument of modernization whilst the unions see a shift of power to the employers.	1				1		1
51	04–03-2017	O Globo	Rodrigo Maia (DEM-RJ) defends the reforma trabalhista and sais it will modernize legislation and promised to put the reform of oursourcing of labour to vote in the next month. He sais that the modernization of labour laws will advance a lot, contracting in Brazil now is heroic mission. The voting for the reform should take place until May.			1		1		1
52	06–03-2017	O Globo	Reforms must be passed soon, before politicians prepare for the elections and makes it difficult to pass unpopular reforms. The reforma trabalhista is not considered to difficult to pass.			1				1
53	07–03-2017	O Globo	The government hopes to pass the reforma trabalhista within the first semester of the year. Temer does not comment on the low GDP rates, but sais that the goverment is finally “getting out of inertia”.			1				1
54	08–03-2017	O Globo	Meirelles defends the reforma trabalhista citing an example of a European multinational that has enormous difficulties with existing labour regulations.			1		1
55	09–03-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Rodrigo Maia defends the labour reform plans and argues that the there is an excess of regulation and that the existing labour justice is irresponsible. He sais that advances are necessary especially with regard to intermittent work and that the excess of regulations has produced 14 million unemployes. If the reforma trabalhista is not passed it will not only be an economic problem, but as well a problem for the upcoming elections.			1	1	1
56	10–03-2017	O Globo	In an interview with the Economist Temer sais that he will pass the reforma trabalhista and he prefers to be unpopular than populist. He argues that despite the difficulties he wants to leave a better country in 2019, to which the spending limit and the reforms will contribute.			1		1		1
57	15–03-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The reporter of the commission working on the reforma trabalhista Rogério Marinho (PSDB-RN), affirms that it will be proposed to turn the yearly union fee voluntary. He argues that this will weaken those unions that do not represent their members. He argues that there are far to many unions in Brazil and that often the worker does not know that the union fee is reduced from his salary and for what it is used.			1
58	16–03-2017	O Globo	Comments on the plans of Marinho to turn union fees voluntary. The measure is seen favorable by trade unionist and labour market analysts. The proponents of the reform argue that trade unions who do not engage for their members will then disappear.Even the CUT union is in favour of ending the obligatory character, though it opposes other elements of the reforma trabalhista. As it is now their is no motivation for the unions to be of importance for the employees. An analyst is cited that before taking such a measure the consequences have to be evaluated. The idea of the compulsory fee is justified by the fact that wage agreements are for all workers, not only for union members.			1
59	16–03-2017	O Globo	Temer needs to maintain a majority in Congress to pass important reforms. The reforma trabalhista is fundamental to overcome unemployment and to revitalize economic growth. Temer is passing unpopular but necessary reforms, because he is not running for the next election and is thereforenot acting in a populist manner.			1		1		1
60	16–03-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Thousands are protesting against the pension reform. Some unionists have joined the manifestations to protest against the reforma trabalhistas to pressure the deputies not to vote for the reform in the coming weak. Vagner Freitag, the President of the CUT announces to organize the biggest general strike in history if the reform is not taken off the agenda.	1
61	21–03-2017	O Globo	Rodrigo Maia announces that the reforma trabalhista is to be voted upon before the pension reform.	1
62	22–03-2017	O Globo	Ministro Moreira Franco sais that the biggest macroeconomic challenge for Brazil is to balance public accounts and give continuity to fiscal authority, to which the reforma trabalhista is an important step. The reform will significantly contribute to the flexibilization of the labour market and to reduce the litigiousness by putting agreements before legislation.			1		1		1
63	22–03-2017	O Globo	The coordinator of human development in Brazil Andrea Bolzon affirms that the pension reform and the reforma trabalhista may pose risks to human development in Brazil. She argues that the reforms are necessary but that the most vulnerable groups must be protected.			1
64	22–03-2017	O Globo	Commentary by a political scientist: Brazilians are about the loose the big opportunity to pass important reforms such as the reforma trabalhista. The resistance to the reforms is a consequence of clientelism, patrimonialism and personalism of governors. Lula, the populist leader debilitated democratic institutions and established the biggest network of corruption worldwide, leaving Brazil with the worst economic recession in the history of the country. Now there is a historic moment, if the reforms are not passed, this will pave the way for another populist government in the 2018 elections. If the reforms are passed, the confidence in the country will return, growth will pick up and employment will be generated.			1	1	1		1
65	23–03-2017	O Globo	The project of outsourcing was approved in Congress after nine hours of voting wiht 231 votes in favour and 188 against it. The proposal passed flexibilizes outsourcing and the temporary hiring-out of workers. The project extends temporal work contracts from 3 to 6 months wiht the possibility of extension of another 90 days. There was a lot of criticism against the measure from part of the opposition parties.	1
66	23–03-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by a leader of the employers union: The approval of the outsourcing project will create legal security for a practice that is already common. It permits a more favourable business environment, that encourages investments and generates growth. Commentary by a leader of the CUT: the outsourcing will lead to companies with now own employees and will destroy the union structures established since 60 years.The reform will not create employment, nor will the reforma trabalhista. What creates employment is growth, and that is generated by consumption, only a protected worker will consume and thereby help to create growth. Precarious employment will lead to another depression. What has been done did not have any consensus, but is a violation and will be followed by protests.	1				1
67	24–03-2017	O Globo	Comments and discussion on the reform of outsourcing: it will generate employments and create more certainty for a practive already common. On the long run the increased flexibilization will stimulate the hiring of workers. The minister of the economy Henrique Meirelles is cited, arguing that the international experience shows that flexible laws help to increase employment. Another economist is cited arguing that the reform will lead to a precarization of labour relations. The unions criticize the project arguing that it will not generate jobs but will substitute good jobs with worse jobs.	1				1
68	24–03-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Delfim Netto defends the reform for outsourcing arguing that it attacks the unions and marcs the beginning of the union tax which is a scandal.			1		1
69	27–03-2017	O Globo	Temer must approve the project on outsourcing passed by congress. The unionist are having a lot of presence in social media and are fighting against the project, which poses a risk for the approval in senate.			1
70	27–03-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	It is very likely that the outsourcing project will be approved by Temer next week in the most radical version. Discussion on the effects of the reform, creation of employment or total precarization? On the short term probably none of the extremes. The project will not solve the current crisis but is a painful but necessary adaptation of the labour market to future requirements.			1		1
71	28–03-2017	O Globo	Report on the political processing of the outsourcing reform and the connection to the reforma trabalhista.	1
72	28–03-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Temer will approve the bill on outsourcing, information on the political processing and the connection with the reforma trabalhista.	1
73	29.02.17	O Globo	Report on the political processing of the outsourcing reform and the connection to the reforma trabalhista.	1
74	31–03-2017	O Globo	Minister Gilmar Mendes of the Federal Court of Justice is cited, arguing that current labour laws are obsolete in view of the modernization of the market. Due to globalization and technical advancements existing models do not meet modern reality anymore. He argues that new institutionalization of labour law can contribute to overcome the recession and unemployment.			1	1	1
75	31–03-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Report on the details and the political processing of the outsourcing reform.	1
76	01–04-2017	O Globo	Temer approved the outsourcing reform pressured by the productive sector within his coalition in the Camara. The principle argument of the government of the President of the Camara Rodrigo Maia is that the new law will help to fight unemployment.			1
77	03–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Rogério Marinho (PSDB-RN) is cited arguing that the outsourcing project is important for business environment in Brazil and that it will give legal security to thousands of workers.			1		1		1
78	04–04-2017	O Globo	Temer defends the labour reforms in a ceremony with the Swedish King.Temer argues that the reforms are a signal to international investors that there is an auspicious business environment in Brazil. He argues that the outsourcing reform will better protect workers by creating legal security and the labour laws are being modernized.			1		1		1
79	04–04-2017	O Globo	Report and discussion of the government proposal to faciliate hiring people older than 60 years. The example of the United States is cited where that works fine, it is argued that it is a measure to combat unemployment.			1
80	08–04-2017	O Globo	Interview with the Minister of employment Ronaldo Nogueira. He argues that the outsourcing law will help to create jobs and legal security. He defends the reforma trabalhista that will help to generate employment and create more security for employers to hire. He positions himself against the end of the obligatory union fee and wants to regulate it in another bill project.			1		1		1
81	09–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The PT is trying to organize parliamentary and public resistance against the reforma trabalhista.	1
82	10–04-2017	O Globo	Report on the achievements of the Temer government. A political scientist is cited arguing that the government passed urgent reforms. Short reference to the progress of the reforma trabalhista.			1
83	11–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by a professor of economy: The Brazilian labour market is characterized by excessive turnovers, hardly representative unions and activisim of the labour justice. This reduces productivity and turns negotiations a farce and created insecurity. Unions do not have incentives to engage in collective bargaining but reduce their activities to lobbying in congress. The approval of the planned reforms will turn the labour market more dynamic, incentivize investments and increase productivity.			1		1
84	12–04-2017	O Globo	Report on the process of the reforma trabalhista in congress.	1
85	12–04-2017	O Globo	The movements in labour laws proposed within the reforma trabalhista presented in Congress today are welcomed and seen positively by labour market specialists.			1
86	12–04-2017	O Globo	Rogério Marinho presents today the plans from the special commission working on the reforma trabalhista. The plans inlcude 18 items of consolidation of the labour law (CLT) and 90 articles will be modified. He argues that the government is facing a problem that has been existing for many years and will resolves anachronistic norms. Report on the details of the plan.			1
87	12–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Information that Rogério Marinho presents plans to reduce the travel time from the paid working hours.	1
88	13–04-2017	O Globo	Information on the details presented by Rogério Marinho of the reforma trabalhista.	1
89	13–04-2017	O Globo	Information on the details presented by Rogério Marinho of the reforma trabalhista.	1
90	13–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Reacting to the proceedings opened against eight ministers of his government, Temer sais that nothing should stop the initiated reform agenda. He argues that the reforma trabalhista and the pension reform are the priority of the agenda of the congress and that both are important for the country.			1
91	13–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Information on the details presented by Rogério Marinho of the reforma trabalhista.	1
92	14–04-2017	O Globo	Information on the details presented by Rogério Marinho of the reforma trabalhista.	1
93	14–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The government announces to speed up the reforma trabalhista in Congress to show that the government is not paralized.	1						1
94	14–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by a lawyer for labour: he defends the new forms of individual bargaining between employers and employees, especially qualified employees do not need unions to bargain for the working conditions. The existing labour regulations are outdated and must therefore be changed to enable free and independent negotiations between the two parties.			1
95	15–04-2017	O Globo	Temer and the President of the Camara Rodrigo Maia attempt to speed up the processing of the reforma trabalhista.	1
96	16–04-2017	O Globo	Data reveal that Brazilian spend R$ 1,85 million on lawyer remuneration per year which shows the necessity of the reforma trabalhista.			1
97	16–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Temer sais that he will study alternatives for the financing of the unions, in case the compulsory union fee is abolished.	1
98	17–04-2017	O Globo	Temer promotes the voting in congress for the reforma trabalhista which he consider essentail for the economy.			1
99	17–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The voting for the reforma trabalhista will be a test for the capacity of the government to act and will show if the government is able to enforce its interests in congress.	1
100	18–04-2017	O Globo	Rogério Marinho wants to speed up voting for the reforma trabalhista with a decree of urgency. The leader of the PT in congress Carlos Zarattini (PT/SP) is cited that the advance of Marinho is a punch and that the proposal was completely change compared to the original document.He argues that the current proposal opens the door for the employer to “torture“ the employee. Marinho instead sais that the reform will end with the fascist heritage and correct ”bizzaressness” of the original labour laws (CLT). He argues that worker’s rights will not be cut but modernized and flexibilized.	1
101	19–04-2017	O Globo	Information that the government failed to declare the voting for the reforma trabalhista a matter of urgency to speed up the process.	1
102	19–04-2017	O Globo	Temer argues that the reforma trabalhista will be a proof of the reconstruction of the dialogue between the Planalto and the Congress, which for long was paralized.	1			1	1		1
103	19–04-2017	O Globo	Information that the government failed to declare the voting for the reforma trabalhista a matter of urgency to speed up the process.	1
104	19–04-2017	O Globo	Economist cited that support the necessity of the pension reform and of the reforma trabalhista.			1
105	19–04-2017	O Globo	Special attention must be given to pass the end of the union tax. The interests of the unions almost never match society’s interests.			1
106	20–04-2017	O Globo	Report on the failure of the government to achieve a majority for declaring the reforma trabalhista a matter of urgency. Criticism of the prior governments and their populist economic policies that failed. The structural reforms are necessary the social advanced will be lost.	1		1	1
107	20–04-2017	O Globo	The government finally achieved to accelerate the reforma trabalhista to make it a case of urgency with 287 votes in favour and 144 against it. The voting for the reform is now planned for the 26th of April.Temer sais that there is a majority in Congress for the necessary reforms.	1
108	20–04-2017	O Globo	A senator is cited who criticizes the reforma trabalhista and the failure of the government to achieve a majority in the first place.		1
109	21–04-2017	O Globo	Report on the crisis within Temer’s base that was articulated in the voting against the matter of urgency of the reforma trabalhista.	1
110	21–04-2017	O Globo	Discussion on details of the reforma trabalhista, especially regarding the implications of outsourcing.
111	21–04-2017	O Globo	Discussion if whether the majority Temer achieved for the voting for urgency in congress will hold for the final voting on the reform.	1
112	21–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The government is to launch a campaign on TV an in the social media to defend the reforma trabalhista, in advance of the planned protests on Mai 1st.	1
113	21–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary defending the reforma trabalhista and that it will begin to resolve major obstacles in the relations between employers and employees. Necessity is stressed to strengthen collective agreements and therefore remove the union tax. The outsourcing is welcomed in view of the future challenges. If the union fee becomes voluntary this will strenghten the liberty of the unions and their power.			1		1
114	22–04-2017	O Globo	Discussion on the proceeding of the reform and of the attempt of the government to achieve support for the project.	1
115	22–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Rodrigo Maia is criticizing the unions for their resistance against the update of labour laws. He argues that they are mobilizing protest because of fear that they loose power.			1	1
116	24–04-2017	O Globo	Article on the pension reform. Information that this week the vote for reforma trabalhista will take place in congress.	1
117	24–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Information on the voting for the reforma trabalhista and on discussion whether the government will obtain enough votes for the reform in congress.	1
118	25–04-2017	O Globo	Information on the voting for the reforma trabalhista in congress. 257 votes will be needed to pass the reform. Several allies of the government have announced to vote against the reform. The government considers the voting a test for the later vote for the pension reform. Information on the content of the reform, the most contested points are the end of the compulsory union tax and the intermittent working day.	1
119	25–04-2017	O Globo	Commentary by a critique of the reforma trabalhista arguing that the reform aims at precarization of labour and that it negatively influences the negotiations between employers and employees. The reform aims at reducing labour costs together with outsourcing. He argues that the reform will lead to a weakening of the worker’s representation and of labor laws.		1
120	25–04-2017	O Globo	Rogério Marinho received yesterday 450 proposals for amending the reforma trabalhista, above all from the opposition. The most contested topic is the end of the compulsory union tax, the Planalto refrains from a positioning towards the issue. In addition the intermittent working days are contested, especially by unions. The reforms are promising to modernize labour laws.			1
121	25–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Information on strike and protest activities of the unions against the reforma trabalhista. The union leaders consider the reform to be damaging for workers.	1
122	25–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The leader of the PSB party sais that the party is against the reforma trabalhista and that the party is not supporting the government because the reform and the pension reform do not go along with their party ideology.	1
123	25–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The leader of the government fraction in congress is cited saying that they have enough votes to approve the reforma trabalhista.	1
124	25–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Commentary by a professor and President of the Worker’s Council: if the union fee is turned voluntary this will strengthen sectoral negotiations, the existing system and existing labour laws must be revised. The creation of the intermittent working day is a new, modern element of the reform. In sum, the reform will create more security and confidence among employers and employees, reduce conflicts and turn companie more productive and the economy more competitive.			1		1		1
125	25–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	The President of the Camara Rodrigo Maia is cited saying that he hopes to pass the reform this week and that therewith the Brazilian labour laws will be modernized. He argues that there will be enough votes for the reform. Details on the reform are desribed.			1		1		1
126	25–04-2017	O Estado de S. Paulo	Information on the planned strike activities of the unions and especially the metalworkers against the reforma trabalhista.	1
				49	5	72	14	50	3	38

(Continued).

Number	Title	Date	Main content	Neutral	Contra reform	Pro reform	Stories of Decline	Stories of Rising	Power – Helplessness	Power – Control	Link
1	Manaus superou crise apesar de ‘cerco impiedoso’ do PT, diz prefeito	05–12-2016	Interview with PSDB mayor Artur Virgílio. He blames the PT governments for a missing economic vision, the mistakes they made resulted in the economic crisis. To gain international credibility signals to reform labour laws must be made.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/manaus-superou-crise-apesar-de-cerco-impiedoso-do-pt-diz-prefeito/
2	Izalci pede agilidade do governo federal para implantar medidas de combate à recessão	06–12-2016	The Temer government is preparing a package to combat the economic crisis. Among the urgent measures is the labour reform.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/izalci-pede-agilidade-do-governo-federal-para-implantar-medidas-de-combate-a-recessao/
3	Para tucano, recessão econômica em 2016 é ‘reflexo absoluto’ da péssima administração dos governos do PT	20–12-2016	The deep economic crisis is a heritage of the PT governments, that are severely offended. Among the necessary measures is the labour reform.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/para-tucano-recessao-economica-em-2016-e-reflexo-absoluto-da-pessima-administracao-dos-governos-do-pt/
4	Izalci afirma que minirreforma trabalhista ajudará Brasil a gerar emprego e renda	22–12-2016	The Temer government is looking for ways to create employment and overcome the crisis. Argument that a reform of the historic labour laws is necessary to flexibilize labour market to adapt it to current realities.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/izalci-afirma-que-minirreforma-trabalhista-ajudara-brasil-a-gerar-emprego-e-renda/
5	Efeito PT: desemprego tende a crescer em 2017 antes de voltar a cair	26–12-2016	PSDB deputy argues that the PT governments destroyed the economy and that structural reforms are necessary to recuperate growth such as the reform of labour laws. The planned measures are already making an impact.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/efeito-pt-desemprego-tende-a-crescer-em-2017-antes-de-voltar-a-cair/
6	Vecci defende celeridade na aprovação das reformas que podem retirar Brasil da crise	29–12-2016	The Temer government took important measures to confront the economic crisis, if the reforms economic growth will return in two years. An important reform is the reform of labour laws in this context.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/vecci-defende-celeridade-na-aprovacao-das-reformas-que-podem-retirar-brasil-da-crise/
7	Sobe o número de empresas que pedem socorro à Justiça para pagar dívidas	04–01-2017	The PT governments are blamed for the severe economic crisis. To resolve the crisis and generate investments, reforms such as the reform of labour laws must be approved urgently.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/sobe-o-numero-de-empresas-que-pedem-socorro-a-justica-para-pagar-dividas/
8	Para Rogério Marinho, retomada da economia depende da aprovação reformas	05–01-2017	The deep economic recession is a heritage of the PT governments. PSDB deputy Rogério Marinho argues that the measures of the Temer goverment are beginning to have an impact on the economy and that structural reforms are needed, such as the modernization of labour laws, of outsourcing and of temporary work.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/para-rogerio-marinho-retomada-da-economia-depende-da-aprovacao-reformas/
9	Brasileiros poupam cada vez menos com crise deixada como ‘herança’ pelo PT	10–01-2017	The saving rates of Brazilians are low. For PSDB deputy Adérmis Marini that is a natural consequence of the economic crisis caused by the PT governments. Reforms are necessary such as the reform of labour laws. Flexiblization and stimulation of investment are key to create employment.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/brasileiros-poupam-cada-vez-menos-com-crise-deixada-como-heranca-pelo-pt/
10	Em encontro com Temer, Aécio propõe estímulo a PPPs no sistema prisional brasileiro	11–01-2017	PSDB senator Aécio Neves in a talk with Temer stresses the need to urgently process reforms such as the flexibilization of labour laws.			1					http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/em-encontro-com-temer-aecio-propoe-estimulo-a-ppps-no-sistema-prisional-brasileiro/
11	Entrevista coletiva de Aécio Neves após encontro com o presidente Michel Temer	11–01-2017	Interview with PSDB senator Aécio Neves regardins his meeting with Temer. He argues that this is the year of the reforms that need to be passed through congress, such as the flexibilization of labour laws.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/entrevista-coletiva-de-aecio-neves-apos-encontro-com-o-presidente-michel-temer/
12	Idosos representam menos de 1% do mercado de trabalho	12–01-2017	PSDB deputy Gomes de Matos argues that the unemployment crisis was caused by the PT governements. Public policies that stimulate employment for older people are needed and a flexiblization of labour laws. The current labour laws are still from the era of Getúlio Vargas and the challenge of an ageing society must be addressed.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/idosos-representam-menos-de-1-do-mercado-de-trabalho/
13	Crescimento da economia e retomada dos empregos dependem da aprovação de reformas, afirma Izalci	17–01-2017	Temer states that unemployment is the central preoccupation of the government. The high unemployment is a consequence of the economic crisis inherited by Rousseff. PSDB deputy Izalci Lucas argues that the labour reform is pivotal to stimulate the economy and generate employment.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/crescimento-da-economia-e-retomada-dos-empregos-dependem-da-aprovacao-de-reformas-afirma-izalci/
14	Tucanos rebatem declarações de presidente da CUT sobre conjuntura política	18–01-2017	Report on the planned manifestations of the CUT against the reforms of Temer. The CUT plans to go to the streets to protest against the reforms, among them the labour reform.	1							http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/tucanos-rebatem-declaracoes-de-presidente-da-cut-sobre-conjuntura-politica/
15	Tendência de redução na taxa de juros indica avanço na retomada do crescimento econômico, diz tucano	19–01-2017	The President of the Central Bank argues that without the reform agenda, especially the tax, pension and labour reforms, Brazil will not have a future.			1					http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/tendencia-de-reducao-na-taxa-de-juros-indica-avanco-na-retomada-do-crescimento-economico-diz-tucano/
16	Efeito Dilma: Pesquisa aponta que desemprego ampliado no Brasil é de 21,2%, quase o dobro da taxa oficial	23–01-2017	The economic policies of the Rousseff government destroyed the labour market and resulted in high unemployment. Only with the flexibilization of labour laws the situation will improve.			1	1	1			http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/efeito-dilma-pesquisa-aponta-que-desemprego-ampliado-no-brasil-e-de-212-quase-o-dobro-da-taxa-oficial/
17	Tucanos defendem que 2017 seja o ano das reformas essenciais para desenvolvimento do país	23–01-2017	PSDB deputies argue that with the approval of the pension, the tax and the labour reform the country will grow again and have chances to develop. The reform of labour laws is necessary because many international investors do not bring their business to Brazil for fear of labour issues.The laws of the 1940s are outdated and must be adapted tp the globalized world.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/tucanos-defendem-que-2017-seja-o-ano-das-reformas-essenciais-para-desenvolvimento-do-pais/
18	Rodrigo Maia terá o apoio do PSDB, diz Aécio Neves	24–01-2017	Interview with Aécio Neves who voices support for the labour reform.			1					http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/rodrigo-maia-tera-o-apoio-do-psdb-diz-aecio-neves/
19	Petistas tentam fugir da responsabilidade pela crise que deixaram ao país, reprova Haddad	25–01-2017	The PT neglects responsbility for the economic and social crisis with which they left Brazil. The PT criticizes the labour reform without mentioning the reforms conducted by Rousseff that infringed labour rights.			1	1				http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/petistas-tentam-fugir-da-responsabilidade-pela-crise-que-deixaram-ao-pais-reprova-haddad/
20	Déficit abaixo do esperado indica que medidas do governo estão na direção certa, avalia Dalírio Beber	31–01-2017	The fact that the fiscal deficit of 2016 is below the established target shows that the measures implemented by the government are in the right direction. The sooner other reforms such as the labour reform are passed, economic development will catch up in a way that thousands of jobs will be recovered.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/deficit-abaixo-do-esperado-indica-que-medidas-do-governo-estao-na-direcao-certa-avalia-dalirio-beber/
21	Saques do FGTS podem movimentar mais a economia do que o governo previa, aponta pesquisa	31–01-2017	The labour reform is of utmost important to put in place modern legislation that is appropriate to current times.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/saques-do-fgts-podem-movimentar-mais-a-economia-do-que-o-governo-previa-aponta-pesquisa/
22	Herança do PT: desemprego atinge 12,3 milhões de brasileiros	31–01-2017	The policies of the Rousseff government destroyed the labour market and left over 12 million unemployed. To solve the crisis structural reforms such as the labour reform are indispensable.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/heranca-do-pt-desemprego-atinge-123-milhoes-de-brasileiros/
23	Queda na inflação mostra fim do ‘ciclo de demagogia’, diz Daniel Coelho	01–02-2017	The President of the Central Bank stresses the importance of the reforms, among them the labour reform, for decreasing levels of inflation.			1					http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/queda-na-inflacao-mostra-fim-do-ciclo-de-demagogia-diz-daniel-coelho/
24	Rogério Marinho será relator da reforma trabalhista na Câmara dos Deputados	02–02-2017	PSDB deputy Rogério Marinho is named reporter of the labour reform. Marinho is cited saying that the aim is to mondernize the outdated legislation the limits productivity and competitiveness of Brazil.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/rogerio-marinho-sera-relator-da-reforma-trabalhista-na-camara-dos-deputados/
25	Para líder do PSDB, Câmara terá ano desafiador com análise das reformas necessárias ao país	02–02-2017	The leader of the PSDB in parliament stresses the necessity to promote the reforms necessary for the country such as the labour reform.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/para-lider-do-psdb-camara-tera-ano-desafiador-com-analise-das-reformas-necessarias-ao-pais/
26	Para tucano, baixa da inflação e reforma trabalhista serão primordiais para retomada da economia	06–02-2017	PSDB deputy Nelson Padovani is cited arguing that the labour reform is essential for the recovery of the economy and the reduction of unemployment. People will only be employed again if there is a completely different labour legislation than that introduced by Getúlio Vargas.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/para-tucano-baixa-da-inflacao-e-reforma-trabalhista-serao-primordiais-para-retomada-da-economia/
27	Palestras ITV: Regulamentação do trabalho deve estimular solução de conflitos dentro da empresa e não na Justiça	08–02-2017	The labour reform will contribute to the solution of conflicts between employers and employees within the company with the aim to reduce the number of court cases. The outsourcing reform does not mean the precarization of employment as suggested by the unions because labour rights will be maintained.			1					http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/palestras-itv-regulamentacao-do-trabalho-deve-estimular-solucao-de-conflitos-dentro-da-empresa-e-nao-na-justica/
28	Em ciclo de debates, PSDB discute reforma trabalhista sem redução dos direitos dos trabalhadores	08–02-2017	Plenary discussion with PSDB deputies on the labour reform. The reform is described as an opportunity to modernize outdated legislation and adapt it to current demands. The advantages of the reform are discussed for both, employers and employees.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/em-ciclo-de-debates-psdb-discute-reforma-trabalhista-sem-reducao-dos-direitos-dos-trabalhadores/
29	Relator da reforma trabalhista, Rogério Marinho quer ampliar benefícios aos trabalhadores	08–02-2017	Rogério Marinho stresses the contribution of the labour reform to employment and the advantages for workers that go along with the flexiblization of the daily hours, the regulation of temporary works and the strengthening of collective agreements.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/relator-da-reforma-trabalhista-rogerio-marinho-quer-ampliar-beneficios-aos-trabalhadores/
30	Senador José Aníbal defende urgência de reformas estruturantes no país	08–02-2017	PSDB deputy José Aníbal defends the urgency of the structural reforms, among them the labour reform. He stresses the necessities of changing legislation similar to other countries and the advantages for the worker because the reform will ensure work.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/senador-jose-anibal-defende-urgencia-de-reformas-estruturantes-no-pais/
31	PSDB sai na frente ao qualificar debate sobre reformas prioritárias do ano legislativo	10–02-2017	PSDB is ready to promote and defend the necessary structural reforms. The urgency to pass a modern labour legislation is stressed.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/psdb-sai-na-frente-ao-qualificar-debate-sobre-reformas-prioritarias-do-ano-legislativo/
32	Tucano Rogério Marinho é escolhido relator da reforma trabalhista da Câmara	10–02-2017	The chamber of deputies installed the special commission for the labour reform with PSDB Marinho as reporter. Marinho argues that all segments will be involved in the next weeks and that labour legislation will be modernized without sacrificing labour rights. Several PSDB deputies are cited who stress the importance and the benefits of the reform for competitiveness, fighting unemployment and the future of Brazil and to reduce the number of labour court cases in Brazil.			1				1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/tucano-rogerio-marinho-e-escolhido-relator-da-reforma-trabalhista-da-camara/
33	Líder do governo defende votação do projeto que regulamenta a terceirização esta semana	13–02-2017	PSDB senator Aloysio Nunes argues that the outsourcing reform is as important as the labour reform and will promote employment. The intention of the reform is to create more employment and thereby stimulate growth.			1		1			http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/lider-do-governo-defende-votacao-do-projeto-que-regulamenta-a-terceirizacao-esta-semana/
34	Para Pestana, convergência da inflação com centro da meta reinaugura responsabilidade fiscal no governo federal	13–02-2017	PSDB deputy Marcus Pestana argues that the labour reform will overcome legislation of the 40s that is to rigid for the contemporary economy. The rigid rules prevent the creation of new employment and penalize unemployed and young people. The Brazilian economy is down because of the mismanagement of the PT governments.			1	1	1			http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/para-pestana-convergencia-da-inflacao-com-centro-da-meta-reinaugura-responsabilidade-fiscal-no-governo-federal/
35	Após Dilma, Brasil pode ter até 3,6 milhões de pessoas na pobreza até o final de 2017	14–02-2017	A study of the World Bank is cited that predicts up a rise in poverty in Brazil. The economic crisis left by the Rousseff government is cited as a threat to the advancements in reducing poverty and inequality. Deputy Daniel Coelho argues that the labour reform is an important step to modernize legislation, the flexibilization will stimulate employment.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/apos-dilma-brasil-pode-ter-ate-36-milhoes-de-pessoas-na-pobreza-ate-o-final-de-2017/
36	Comissão de modernização das leis do trabalho define cronograma nesta terça	14–02-2017	The special commission for the modernization of labour laws will meet today. Marinho is cited saying that the economy has changed compared to 70 years ago and that therefore labour relations and employment must adapt. Marinho wants to hear union and company representatives, the labour court and the government on his plans.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/comissao-de-modernizacao-das-leis-do-trabalho-define-cronograma-nesta-terca-feira-14/
37	Tucano apresenta projeto que propõe o fim do imposto sindical obrigatório	15–02-2017	PSDB deputy Paulo Martins presents the law that proposes the end of the obligatory union fee. The reform aims at giving workers the freedom of choice. He criticizes that by now unions are practically extensions of political parties and use the fees for political campaigns. Created by Getúlio Vargas, the compulsory fee is not democratic and hinders appropriate representation. The law will strengthen the union that really engage for the members.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/tucano-apresenta-projeto-que-propoe-o-fim-do-imposto-sindical-obrigatorio/
38	Expectativa de aprovação das reformas na economia leva dólar e risco-país a menor nível em anos	16–02-2017	PSDB deputy Luiz Carlos Hauly claims that the expectation of structural reforms has contributed to the improved dollar price. He argues that the envisaged reforms such as the labour reform will recuperate the credibility of the government in front of national and international agencies.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/expectativa-de-aprovacao-das-reformas-na-economia-levam-dolar-e-risco-pais-a-menor-nivel-em-anos/
39	Presidente do TST defende necessidade da reforma trabalhista para prevenir instabilidade econômica	17–02-2017	The President of the Labour Court stresses the necessity of the labour reform to prevent economic destabilization. If nothing is done, the situation will result in a similar crisis as in Venezuela. He argues that the state and the judicial power should intervene less in labour relations.			1	1				http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/presidente-do-tst-defende-necessidade-da-reforma-trabalhista-para-prevenir-instabilidade-economica/
40	Debates não irão alterar cronograma da Reforma Trabalhista, diz Marinho	22–02-2017	Marinho is cited saying that the requested hearings in public audiences on the labour reform in the states will not delay the timetable for the reform plans. He aims at presenting a report at the beginning of May and vote shortly after, maybe even at the end of April.			1				1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/debates-nao-irao-alterar-cronograma-da-reforma-trabalhista-diz-marinho/
41	A economia começa a reagir aos desmandos deixados pelo PT, diz Betinho Gomes	24–02-2017	PSDB deputy Betinho Gomes observes a reaction of the economy in response to the measures taken by the Temer government. The profound crisis is a consequence of the PT governments and the incapacity of their presidents. The incapacity of Rousseff resulted in a historic crisis and 12 million unemployed. He defends the necessity of the approval of the labour reform.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/economia-comeca-reagir-aos-desmandos-deixados-pelo-pt-diz-betinho-gomes/
42	Para especialistas, reforma trabalhista pode retomar novos empregos	01–03-2017	Economic experts argue that the labour reform will contribute to the creation of employment.			1					http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/para-especialistas-reforma-trabalhista-pode-retomar-novos-empregos/
43	Ao contrário dos EUA, número de brasileiros que dependem do seguro-desemprego aumenta	03–03-2017	PSDB deputy Adérmis Marini defends the necessity of the structural reform for the recuperation of employment most important the labour reform to modernize labour legislation. The reform will contribute to the creation of employment. The labour reform will give more security to the entrepreneur and the employee and it will contribute to more competitiveness in the labour market.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/ao-contrario-dos-eua-numero-de-brasileiros-que-dependem-do-seguro-desemprego-aumenta/
44	‘ITV ajuda não apenas os membros do PSDB, mas também os brasileiros’, diz José Aníbal	06–03-2017	José Aníbal stresses the importance of the labour reform for the recovery of economic growth that was lost during the crisis provoked by the PT governments.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/itv-ajuda-nao-apenas-os-membros-do-psdb-mas-tambem-os-brasileiros-diz-jose-anibal/
45	Presidente do segmento, Ramalho quer núcleos do PSDB Sindical em todo o Brasil	09–03-2017	The President of the PSDB unions argues that the modernization of labour laws are extremely important but that a consensus must be found that favour both, employers and employees.			1					http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/presidente-do-segmento-ramalho-quer-nucleos-do-psdb-sindical-em-todo-o-brasil/
46	Mercado de trabalho vai demorar a reagir à crise herdada pelo PT	09–03-2017	A study of the FGV points out that the labour market may take time to react to the economic crisis inherited by the PT governments, the resumption will only begin in October. PSDB deputy Vitor Lippi argues that in face of the difficult economic situation the government must work towards the recupertaion of trust and the modernization of the country with the aim to create more employment. Marinho argues that the labour reform is an opportunity to recuperate employment.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/mercado-de-trabalho-vai-demorar-reagir-crise-herdada-pelo-pt/
47	Rogério Marinho quer tornar opcional o pagamento da contribuição sindical	15–03-2017	Rogério Marinho wants to include in the labour reform a proposal that turns the compulsory union fee voluntary. This will strengthen the unions that really represent workers and not only live on the contributions. Marinho criticizes the excess number of unions in Brazil compared to other countries.			1				1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/rogerio-marinho-quer-tornar-opcional-o-pagamento-da-contribuicao-sindical/
48	‘Parou por quê?’, análise do ITV	15–03-2017	Report on the manifestations taking place against the reform. The labour reform aims to remove obstacles that make hiring difficult and protects those who are employed. Those who are inside want more protection, those who are outside remain excluded.			1					http://www.psdb.org.br/itv/parou-por-que-analise-do-itv/
49	PSDB é protagonista de ações de combate ao desemprego nos últimos anos	15–03-2017	Report on the historic support of the PSDB in combatting unemployment and on the crisis in the labour market that is a consequence of the PT governments. Description of the instruments of the labour reform.			1	1			1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/psdb-e-protagonista-de-acoes-de-combate-ao-desemprego-nos-ultimos-anos/
50	Brasil retoma criação de empregos após 22 meses de demissões	17–03-2017	The minister of labour Ronaldo Nogueira argues that the labour reform will guarantee full employment and create new job openings. He stresses that to overcome the crisis structural reforms are necessary, above all in labour legislation.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/brasil-retoma-criacao-de-empregos-apos-22-meses-de-demissoes/
51	Rogério defende terceirização e diz que ‘PT destruiu economia com discurso retrógrado’	22–03-2017	Rogério Marinho argues that the PT governments destroyed the Brazilian economy. He defends the outsourcing reform with the argument that outsourcing is already common practice in Brazil.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/rogerio-defende-terceirizacao-e-diz-que-pt-destruiu-economia-com-discurso-retrogrado/
52	‘A modernização das relações de trabalho’, por Marcus Pestana	27–03-2017	Guest article by PSDB deputy Marcus Pestana. He blames the economic policy of the Rousseff government for the economic recession and the high number of unemployed. The best social policy is the creation of labour. To recover economic growth, structural reforms are necessary. Current labour laws stem from the times of Vargas and must urgently be updated to meet the current dynamics of the economy. The reforms are the answer to unemployment.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/artigos/modernizacao-das-relacoes-de-trabalho-por-marcus-pestana/
53	‘Respeito à verdade’, por Rogério Marinho	27–03-2017	Guest article by Rogério Marinho who blames the PT governments for the crisis in Brazil and the deferral of structural reforms. He argues that the modernization of labour laws is crucial to recuperate growth and create employment. He says that the critic of the left that with the labour reform rights will be lost ist wrong. Individual labour laws are protected by the constitution. He further advocates for the reform of the union system, in international comparison there is an excess number of unions in Brazil and the unions are often intransparent and do not represent workers’ rights. The use of the money collected by the compulsory union fee is not controlled by society or the state, transparency is needed. The opponents of the labour reforms want to leave things as they are and identify themselves with the patrimonialism and corporatism that has damaged the country.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/artigos/respeito-verdade-por-rogerio-marinho/
54	Relator da Modernização Trabalhista se reúne com centrais sindicais que defendem atualização das leis	29–03-2017	Rogério Marinho met with union representatives to discuss modernization of labour laws.			1					http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/relator-da-modernizacao-trabalhista-se-reune-com-centrais-sindicais-que-defendem-atualizacao-das-leis/
55	Marinho revela que Lei da Terceirização ainda pode ter ajustes	03–04-2017	Rogério Marinhon points out the necessity of the outsourcing reform proposed by Temer for the economy of the country. The reform will bring legal security for workers.			1				1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/marinho-revela-que-lei-da-terceirizacao-ainda-pode-ter-ajustes/
56	Marinho apresenta versão de relatório final de modernização das leis trabalhistas para bancada do PSDB	11–04-2017	Rogério Marinho presents the content of the labour reform to PSBD deputies.			1					http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/marinho-apresenta-versao-de-relatorio-final-de-modernizacao-das-leis-trabalhistas-para-bancada-do-psdb/
57	Modernização da legislação vai melhorar relações trabalhistas sem retirar direitos, diz relator	12–04-2017	Rogério Marinho presents the content of the labour reform. The proposal aims to create more liberty and more security in labour relations and facilitate relations between employers and employees. Marinho is cited that labour laws need to be modernized to adapt them to current realities. The reform aims at improving the situation of informally employed and subcontracted who do not have legal security up until now. He denies the critic that the reform will destroy labour rights on the contrary the aim is to increase legal security in all areas of employment by adapting 70 year old laws.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/modernizacao-da-legislacao-vai-melhorar-relacoes-trabalhistas-sem-retirar-direitos-diz-relator/
58	‘Fim do imposto sindical’, por Marcello Richa	13–04-2017	Discussion of the end of the compulsory union fee. Currently there are far too many unions that do not always adequately represent workers and is inefficient. As soon as unions begin to depends on their members, they will make greater efforts to represent them.			1		1			http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/artigos/fim-do-imposto-sindical-por-marcello-richa/
59	Marinho reforça que modernização das leis trabalhistas não retira direitos	17–04-2017	Rogério Marinho stresses that the labour reform is not a setback if labour rights but the modernization of legislation. The reform will as well contribute to the reduction of court cases. The reform offers more protection for groups that were not protected before.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/marinho-reforca-que-modernizacao-das-leis-trabalhistas-nao-retira-direitos/
60	Marchezan pede apoio à reforma trabalhista em reunião na Fiergs	17–04-2017	Panel discussion on the reform of labour laws that are described by various participants as the way out of the crisis. The flexiblization is seen as a positive signal. It is argued that currently the legal system only caters to the worker but that it must as well cater to entrepreneur. The reform is necessary to support the unemployed.			1		1			http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/marchezan-pede-apoio-reforma-trabalhista-em-reuniao-na-fiergs/
61	Governo pretende acelerar votação da reforma trabalhista	18–04-2017	In order ot speed up the process for the labour reform, the government intends to vote in the house of representatives a request to speed up the vote. Report and citations on the advantages of the labour reform and that it will strengthen workers’ rights by creating employment.			1				1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/governo-pretende-acelerar-votacao-da-reforma-trabalhista/
62	‘A preocupação da oposição é com o fim da boquinha do imposto sindical’, diz Daniel	19–04-2017	With the applause of the opposition the house of representatives rejected the request for urgency in the processing of the labour reforms. Following Rogério Marinho the reform will preserve labour rights and modernize labour laws. PSDB deputy Daniel Coelho is cited saying that the opponents of the reform want to preserve the corporatism of the unions to the disadvantage of workers’ interests.			1	1	1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/preocupacao-da-oposicao-e-com-o-fim-da-boquinha-do-imposto-sindical-diz-daniel/
63	Amplamente debatidas e aperfeiçoadas pelo PSDB, reformas chegam a momento decisivo	24–04-2017	Two important reforms for the country are entering the decisive phase in the chamber of deputy this week, the pension reform and the labour reform. The labour reform will modernize labour laws and create more justice and equality in the labour market.			1		1		1	http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/amplamente-debatidas-e-aperfeicoadas-pelo-psdb-reformas-chegam-momento-decisivo/
64	Rogério Marinho afirma que não irá desfigurar o texto da reforma trabalhista	25–04-2017	Rogério Marinho says that after receiving a series of suggestions for changes in the labour reform, these proposals will be studied and if possible the reform will be improved accordingly. He sais that constructive criticism will be accepted.			1					http://www.psdb.org.br/acompanhe/noticias/rogerio-marinho-afirma-que-nao-ira-desfigurar-o-texto-da-reforma-trabalhista/
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