Design-led solutions for reducing airline food waste: A participatory approach to develop behaviour change interventions

Figures & data

Figure 1. DfSB design process (Reproduced from Lilley et al. 2017, 128).

Figure 2. Study design.

Figure 3. Activities in the ‘Reducing Airline Food Waste’ workshop (Adapted from Bratteteig et al. 2013).

Table 1. Behaviour change intervention types, methods and levels of influence.

Type	Method	Description	Levels of influence
Motivation	Incentivise	Incentivise sustainable behaviour	Maintain
	Restrain	Penalise or make unsustainable behaviour difficult	Ensure
	Simplify	Make intended sustainable behaviour easy to follow	Maintain
Freedom of decision making	Customisation	Allow customisation of meals and tastes	Maintain
	Flexibility	Allow passengers to choose their meal options and portions	Maintain
Capturing attention	Visual prompt	Use visual information to encourage sustainable behaviour or guide pre-ordering behaviour whilst booking tickets	Guide/Maintain
	Voice prompt	Use auditory information to encourage sustainable behaviour	Guide
Building expectation and excitement	Value creation	Make in-flight experience fun and meaningful to avoid frustration (e.g. McDonald’s airlines)	Maintain
	Branding	Use branding strategy to enhance in-flight experience	Ensure
	Variation	Make various meal options to cater for more passengers	Maintain
Repurpose	Exchange	Exchange to avoid unwanted meals	Maintain
	Re-use	Allow unopened meals to be re-used	Maintain
Behavioural patterns	Preference-oriented	Technology-assisted service to remember passenger preference	Guide
	Evaluation-oriented	Evaluate in-flight meals and improve current menus	Guide
Establishing trust	Transparency	Make in-flight catering process trustworthy to passengers	Maintain

Figure 4. Behaviour change interventions for the pre-service phase as suggested by participants in this study.

Figure 5. Behaviour change interventions for the in-service phase as suggested by participants in this study.

Figure 6. Behaviour change interventions for the post-service phase as suggested by participants in this study.

Figure 7. A participatory-design-led approach for strategy selection in a DfSB process.

Lilley, Debra, Garrath Wilson, Tracy Bhamra, Marcus Hanratty, and Tang Tang. 2017. “Design Interventions for Sustainable Behaviour.” In Design for Behaviour Change, 40–57. London, UK: Routledge.

 Google Scholar

Bratteteig, Tone, Keld Bødker, Yvonne Dittrich, Preben Holst Mogensen, and Jesper Simonsen. 2013. “Methods: Organising Principles and General Guidelines for Participatory Design Projects.” In Routledge International Handbook of Participatory Design, 1st ed., 117–144. London, UK：Routledge.

 Google Scholar