Environmental impact assessment of municipal solid waste disposal site in Tabriz, Iran using rapid impact assessment matrix

Figures & data

Figure 1 Location map of Tabriz, Iran.

Table 1 Assessment criteria.

Criteria	Scale	Description
A1: importance of condition	4	Important to national/international interests
	3	Important to regional/national interests
	2	Important to areas immediately outside local condition
	1	Important only to the local condition
	0	No importance
A2: magnitude of change/effect	+3	Major positive benefit
	+2	Significant improvement in status quo
	+1	Improvement in status quo
	0	No change/status quo
	− 1	Negative change in status quo
	− 2	Significant negative disbenefit or change
	− 3	Major disbenefit or change
B1: permanence	1	No change/not applicable
	2	Temporary
	3	Permanent
B2: reversibility	1	No change/not applicable
	2	Reversible
	3	Irreversible
B3: cumulative	1	No change/not applicable
	2	Non-cumulative/single
	3	Cumulative/synergistic

Table 2 Conversion of ESs to range bands.

Environmental score	Range bands	Description of range bands
+72 to +108	+ E	Major positive
+36 to +71	+ D	Significant positive
+19 to +35	+ C	Moderately positive
+10 to +18	+ B	Positive
+1 to +9	+ A	Slightly positive
0	N	No change
− 1 to − 9	− A	Slightly negative
− 10 to − 18	− B	Negative
− 19 to − 35	− C	Moderately negative
− 36 to − 71	− D	Significant negative
− 72 to − 108	− E	Major negative

Table 3 RIAM analysis (option 1: open dumping).

Components	ES	RB	A1	A2	B1	B2	B3
Physical/chemical components
PC1 Air pollution and greenhouse gases emissions	− 108	− E	4	− 3	3	3	3
PC2 Surface water pollutions	− 81	− E	3	− 3	3	3	3
PC3 Groundwater contamination	− 81	− E	3	− 3	3	3	3
PC4 Noise	− 5	− A	1	− 1	2	2	1
PC5 Odor emissions	− 54	− D	2	− 3	3	3	3
PC6 Soil instability and erosion	− 81	− E	3	− 3	3	3	3
PC7 Topography and landscape	− 9	− A	1	− 1	3	3	3
PC8 Changing in microclimate	− 54	− D	3	− 2	3	3	3
PC9 Fertility and soil quality	− 54	− D	2	− 3	3	3	3
Biological/ecological components
BE1 Flora	− 18	− B	1	− 2	3	3	3
BE2 Animal population	− 36	− D	2	− 2	3	3	3
BE3 Biodiversity	− 108	− E	4	− 3	3	3	3
BE4 Wildlife	− 81	− E	3	− 3	3	3	3
BE5 Plant and animal habitats	− 36	− D	2	− 2	3	3	3
Sociological/cultural components
SC1 Aesthetic	− 14	− B	1	− 2	3	3	1
SC2 Communities living near disposal site	− 54	− D	2	− 3	3	3	3
SC3 Public health	− 81	− E	3	− 3	3	3	3
SC4 Public acceptance	0	N	0	− 3	3	3	1
SC5 Development and housing projects near disposal site	− 28	− C	2	− 2	3	3	1
SC6 Density and population growth	− 28	− C	2	− 2	3	3	1
SC7 Tourism	− 14	− B	2	− 1	3	3	1
SC8 Current land use around disposal site	− 54	− D	2	− 3	3	3	3
SC9 Unemployment and creating job opportunities in region	8	A	2	1	2	1	1
Economical/operational components
EO1 Technology complication	0	N	0	0	1	1	1
EO2 Expert operation	0	N	1	0	1	1	1
EO3 Necessity of energy	− 36	− D	2	− 2	3	3	3
EO4 Necessity of land for establishment	− 18	− B	1	− 2	3	3	3
EO5 Necessity of land residual disposal	− 81	− E	3	− 3	3	3	3
EO6 Necessity of water	− 54	− D	2	− 3	3	3	3
EO7 Necessity of chemical materials	0	N	0	0	1	1	1
EO8 Current costs	− 27	− C	3	− 1	3	3	3
EO9 Marketing for recovered product	0	N	0	0	1	1	1
EO10 Investment costs	− 27	− C	3	− 1	3	3	3

Table 4 Summary scores of RIAM analysis.

Range	− 108	− 71	− 35	− 18	− 9	0	1	10	19	36	72
	− 72	− 36	− 19	− 10	− 1	0	9	18	35	71	108
Class	− E	− D	− C	− B	− A	N	A	B	C	D	E
OP1: Open dumping
PC	4	3	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
BE	2	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
SC	1	2	2	2	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
EO	1	2	2	1	0	4	0	0	0	0	0
Total	8	9	4	4	2	5	1	0	0	0	0
OP2: Sanitary landfill
PC	0	1	0	2	5	1	0	0	0	0	0
BE	0	0	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0
SC	0	0	0	1	4	2	0	1	0	1	0
EO	1	2	1	2	1	0	0	0	2	1	0
Total	1	3	2	6	13	3	0	1	2	2	0
OP3: Recycling
PC	0	3	0	2	1	3	0	0	0	0	0
BE	0	3	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
SC	0	1	0	2	4	0	0	0	1	1	0
EO	1	4	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	2	0
Total	1	11	0	5	8	3	0	0	2	3	0
OP4: Composting
PC	0	2	0	1	4	2	0	0	0	0	0
BE	0	1	0	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0
SC	0	0	0	0	7	0	0	0	0	2	0
EO	0	1	2	2	1	1	0	0	1	1	1
Total	0	4	2	4	15	3	0	0	1	3	1

Figure 2 RIAM analysis of open dumping. Y-axis: number of components.

Figure 3 RIAM analysis of sanitary landfill. Y-axis: number of components.

Figure 4 RIAM analysis of recycling. Y-axis: number of components.

Figure 5 RIAM analysis of composting. Y-axis: number of components.

Table 5 Contractual scores.

Class	− E	− D	− C	− B	− A	N	A	B	C	D	E
Scores	− 5	− 4	− 3	− 2	− 1	0	1	2	3	4	5