From male dominance to sharing: partner’s class and female political party identification 1964–2010

Figures & data

Table 1. Number of cases in each cohort and survey year (BES 1964, 1966, 1970, 1974, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005 and 2010): n = 9005.

	64	66	70	74	79	83	87	92	97	01	05	10
Coh1	173	164	150	305	116	378	280	193	88	40	40	9
%	76.5	71.6	57.0	46.2	31.2	28.7	23.2	16.7	9.3	4.9	3.8	1.2
Coh2	51	57	79	190	115	342	277	256	194	145	186	101
%	22.6	24.9	30.0	28.9	30.9	25.9	22.9	22.2	20.4	17.8	17.6	13.5
Coh3	2	8	34	165	141	561	541	479	377	332	367	262
%	0.9	3.5	12.9	25.0	37.9	42.6	44.7	41.5	39.6	40.7	34.7	34.9
Coh4	0	0	0	0	0	37	111	226	292	299	464	378
%	0	0	0	0	0	2.8	9.2	19.6	30.7	36.6	43.9	50.4
	226	229	263	660	372	1318	1209	1154	951	816	1057	750

Table 2. Female conservative party identification by own and husband’s occupational class (BES 1964–2010; n = 7764).

Woman’s class		Male partner’s class					Average total
		1	2	3	4	5
Salariat	1	0.43	0.46	0.47	0.36	0.33	0.42
		1152	80	151	288	183	1854
Lower white-collar	2	0.57	0.52	0.62	0.37	0.35	0.49
		780	164	211	511	274	1941
Self employed	3	0.65	0.55	0.67	0.39	0.42	0.60
		75	11	172	41	36	335
Skilled manual and	4	0.56	0.50	0.46	0.26	0.24	0.34
Foremen		106	22	54	206	188	576
Semiskilled and	5	0.47	0.38	0.41	0.23	0.20	0.28
unskilled manual		537	128	265	1073	1055	3058
Average		0.49	0.46	0.53	0.29	0.25	0.38
Total		2650	405	854	2119	1736	7764

Table 3. Logistic diagonal reference models for effects of own and occupational class of male partner on her party identification.

Model	df used	χ^2	δ df (between models)		δ χ^2
1. Baseline model: p*m(Fclass) + (1 − p)*m(Mclass)	18	19023.4	–	–	–
2. Baseline and varying diagonal estimates over time: p*(m(Fclass) + t(Fclass)*year) + (1 − p)*m(Mclass) + t(Mclass)*trend	23	19005.1	(2-1)	5	18.3**
3.1. Female class-specific dominance: (pi)*(m(Fclass) + t(Fclass)*year) + (1 − pi)*(m(Mclass) + t(Mclass)*year)	27	18968.4	(3.1-2)	4	36.7***
3.2. Male class-specific dominance: (pj)*(m(Fclass) + t(Fclass)*year) + (1 − pj)*m(Mclass) + t(Mclass)*yea	27	18941.1	(3.2-2)	4	64***
4.1. Female class-specific dominance and cohort-specific: (pi + cc*cohort) *(m(Fclass) + t(Fclass)*year) + (1 − pi − cc*cohort)*(m(Mclass) + t(Mclass)*year)	42	18927.3	(4.1-3.1)	15	41.1***
4.2. Male class-specific dominance and cohort-specific: (pj + cc*cohort)*(m(Fclass) + t(Fclass)*year) + (1 − pj − cc*cohort)*(m(Mclass) + t(Mclass)*year)	42	18911.7	(4.2-3.2)	15	29.4***
4.3. Male class-specific and similar youngest cohort effect if male in salariat (1) or lower white-collar (2) class: (pj + cl1&2*cohort61-91)*(m(Fclass) + t(Fclass)*year) + (1 − pj − cl1&2*cohort61-91)*(m(Mclass) + t(Mclass)*year)	28	18924.9	(4.3-4.2)	−14	13.2

Note. Fclass = Female’s class; Mclass = class of Male partner. Each model includes covariates for age and for each year of survey with the last survey year as a reference.

**p ≤ .01. ***p ≤ .001.

Table 4. Parameter estimates of the logistic diagonal reference model 4.3 (standard errors in parentheses).

	Weight coefficients p (and 1 − p)				Diagonal estimates
	Born 1888–1960		Born 1961–1991		Parameters diagonal cells	Trend parameters diagonal cells
Man’s class	Female partner	Male partner	Female partner	Mail partner
Class 1 Salariat	0.060 (0.071)	0.940*** (0.071)	0.525*** (0.145)	0.475** (0.145)	0.531*** (0.123)	−0.030*** (0.004)
Class 2 Lower white-collar	0.402*** (0.129)	0.598*** (0.129)	0.867*** (0.161)	0.133 (0.161)	0.747*** (0.235)	−0.039*** (0.009)
Class 3 Self employed	0.501*** (0.072)	0.499*** (0.072)	0.501*** (0.071)	0.499*** (0.071)	1.148*** (0.286)	−0.031** (0.010)
Class 4 Skilled manual	0.504*** (0.070)	0.496*** (0.070)	0.504*** (0.070)	0.496*** (0.070)	−1.032*** (0.204)	−0.014 (0.008)
Class 5 Semiskilled manual	0.559*** (0.066)	0.441*** (0.066)	0.559*** (0.068)	0.441*** (0.068)	−1.166*** (0.155)	−0.026*** (0.006)
B age	0.015*** (0.002)
For classes 1 & 2: interaction effect on weight p for 1961–1991 cohort	0.465* (0.182)

Note: Estimates of the survey years are not shown. *p ≤ .05, **p ≤ .01, ***p ≤ .001.

Table

	Coh 1	Coh 2	Coh 3	Coh 4
Class 1	.135	.059	.021	.505
Class 2	.473	.363	.264	1.00
Class 3	.561	.450	.552	.339
Class 4	.487	.584	.472	.491
Class 5	.598	.678	.491	.459