Who is in control? Managerial artificial general intelligence (MAGI) for Football

ABSTRACT

Advanced technologies now threaten to surpass human intelligence. This watershed will radically impact the ways we currently play, view, and even understand sport. Artificial intelligence(AI) is progressing rapidly, and it remains a matter of time until the impact on sport is fully realized. Currently in sport, AI is a tool used to assist humans with performance monitoring, supporter and media engagement, and injury prediction, among other functions. This commentary argues that advanced technologies can provide unfair playing advantages resulting in unintended and negative consequences. We assert that now is the time to discuss exactly who is in control of regulating the use of these, potentially game-changing innovations in sport

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1. Forster, ‘Global Sports Governance’, 1–4.

2. Ibid., Kihl ‘Corruption in Sport’, 1–5.

3. Mortimer et al, ‘Values and Clean Sport’, 533–534.

4. Gardiner et al., ‘Integrity and the Corruption’, 6–9.

5. Kihl, ‘Corruption in Sport’, 1–5.

6. Verschuuren, ‘Integrity Washing’, 1–3.

7. Barret, Baum, ‘A Model of Pathways to Artificial Superintelligence’, 397.

8. Bostrom, ‘Superintelligence’.

9. Kaplan and Haenlein, ‘Siri, Siri, in My Hand’, 16–17.

10. Claudino, ‘Current Approaches to the Use of Artificial Intelligence’, 2–12.

11. Firt, ‘The missing G’, 995–996.

12. Kurzweil, ‘The Singularity is Near’; Naude and Dimitri, ‘The Race for an Artificial General Intelligence’, 368.

13. Bostrom, ‘Superintelligence’; Firt, ‘The Missing G’, 995–996; Kaplan, Haenlein, ‘Siri, Siri, in My Hand’, 16–17.

14. Baum, ‘A Survey of Artificial General Intelligence’, 7.

15. Ibid., 17.

16. Muller and Bostrom, ‘Future Progress in Artificial Intelligence’, 561–562.

17. Fjelland, ‘Why General Artificial Intelligence Will not Be Realied’, 2–8.

18. Baum, ‘A Survey of Artificial General Intelligence’, 23–24.

19. Ibid.

20. Torres, ‘The Possibility and Risks of Artificial General Intelligence’, 105.

21. Bostrom, ‘Superintelligence’; Hancock, ‘Avoiding Autonomous Agents’ Adverse Actions’; Sotala, Yampolskiy, ‘Responses to Catastrophic AGI risk’, 11.

22. Claudino, ‘Current Approaches to the Use of Artificial Intelligence’, 2–12.

23. Ibid.

24. Silver ‘Mastering the Game of Go’, 484–486.

25. Livingston and Risse, ‘The Future Impact of Artificial Intelligence’, 145–147.

26. Ibid.

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid.

29. Ibid.

30. Hancock, ‘Imposing Limits on Autonomous Systems’, 289–290.

31. Von Clausewitz, On War.

32. Salmon and McLean, ‘Complexity in the Beautiful Game’, 163–166.

33. Ward ‘Simulation for Performance and Training’

34. McLean ‘With Crisis Comes Opportunity’, 12.

35. Hancock, ‘Imposing Limits on Autonomous Systems’, 289–290.

36. Bostrom, ‘Superintelligence’.

37. Hancock, ‘Avoiding Autonomous Agents’ Adverse Actions’.

38. Salmon ‘Putting the Humanity into Inhuman Systems’, 231; Sotala, Yampolskiy, ‘Responses to Catastrophic AGI rRisk’, 4.

39. Hancock,‘Imposing limits on autonomous systems’, 289–290.

40. Geortzel and Pitt, ‘Nine Ways to Bias Open-Source Artificial General Intelligence’, 5; Hancock, ‘Imposing Limits On Autonomous Systems’, 289–290.

41. Sotala, Yampolskiy, ‘Responses to Catastrophic AGI Risk’, 6.

42. Bradley, ‘Risk Management Standards’, 321.

43. Salmon ‘Putting the Humanity into Inhuman Systems’, 226–229.

44. Armstrong ‘Thinking Inside the Box’, 314; Bostrom, ‘Superintelligence’.

45. Baum, ‘A Survey of Artificial General Intelligence’, 4.

46. Salmon ‘Putting the Humanity into Inhuman Systems’, 235–235.