The Early Field Systems of the Stonehenge Landscape

Figures & data

Figure 1. Burial of adult male in the Middle Bronze Age in fields overlooking Stonehenge from the south-east. Interpretative reconstruction of burials in ‘Ditch A’, trench 5 on the West Amesbury Farm site, by Judith Dobie.

Table 1. Radiocarbon dating and stable isotope results from West Amesbury Farm and Druid’s Lodge.

Laboratory code	Sample ref	Material & context	δ13C (‰)	δ15N (‰)	C:N	Radiocarbon age (BP)	Calibrated date (2 σ) cal B.C.	Posterior Density Estimate, (95% probability) cal B.C.
West Amesbury Farm
SUERC-66321	8102	Human bone, left femur, adult male from sub-rectangular grave [91591] cut into the base of a north-south orientated ditch [91517 = 91559]	−20.5 ± 0.2	9.2 ± 0.3	3.3	3124 ± 30	1450–1300	1495–1475 (5%) or 1460–1370 (77%) or 1355–1310 (13%)
UBA-31357	8101	Human bone, left femur, adult male from sub-rectangular grave [91522] cut into the base of the same ditch and also cutting grave [91591]	−20.5 ± 0.22	9.3 ± 0.15	3.2	3153 ± 45	1510–1300	1450–1285
SUERC-66322	(91514) – red deer – sample A	Red deer, metatarsal, right hand side from the uppermost fill of the same ditch	−21.2 ± 0.2	5.5 ± 0.3	3.3	2140 ± 27
UBA-31361	(91514) – red deer – sample B	Replicate of SUERC-66322	−21.4 ± 0.22	5.4 ± 0.15	3.2	2017 ± 38
	Red deer (91514)	Weighted mean (T’ = 6.9; T’5% = 3.8; ν = 1)				2099 ± 23	200–45	185–45
Druid’s Lodge
SUERC-66780	(92219) SF 52206	Human bone, four long bone fragments from a perinate from the lower fill of ditch [92202]	−20.3 ± 0.2	10.4 ± 0.3	3.2	3102 ± 31	1440–1270

Figure 2. Location and map of the project area, with archaeological features from aerial survey, the key locations mentioned in the text, and showing the two survey and excavation areas at West Amesbury Farm and Druid’s Lodge.

Figure 3. Location map of the trenches at West Amesbury Farm in relation to features revealed by remote sensing. See Linford et al. 2015c for detailed discussion of geophysical survey results; a minimally processed greyscale image of the caesium magnetometer data is shown in this figure, with high values plotted in white.

Figure 4. Archaeological features in Trench 5.

Figure 5. Burials 8101 and 8102 (composite figure derived from photogrammetry by Historic England’s Geospatial Imaging Team [Jon Bedford], based on photographs taken on site during the exposure of each burial).

Figure 6. Probability distribution of the dates from West Amesbury Farm and Druid’s Lodge. The two adult inhumations in Ditch A at the West Amesbury Farm site are SUERC-66321 and UBA-31357; the perinate from Druids’ Lodge is SUERC-66780. (The distributions from West Amesbury Farm are derived from the model defined in Supplementary Information 1; the result from Druid’s Lodge is derived from simple radiocarbon calibration: Stuiver and Reimer 1993).

Figure 7. The early field or enclosure system at West Amesbury.

Figure 8. Archaeological features in (top) Trench 31 and (bottom) Trench 6.

Figure 9. Location map of the trenches at Druid’s Lodge in relation to features revealed by remote sensing. See Linford et al. 2015b for detailed discussion of geophysical survey results; a minimally processed greyscale image of the caesium magnetometer data is shown in this figure, with high values plotted in white.

Figure 10. Archaeological features in trench 12.

Figure 11. Trench 5 with Stonehenge in the background.

Linford N., Linford P. and Payne, A. 2015c. Stonehenge Southern WHS Survey. West Amesbury, Wiltshire: report on geophysical surveys, October 2015, Historic England Research Report 95–2015.

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Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P.J. 1993. Extended 14C data base and revised CALIB 3.0 14C calibration program. Radiocarbon 35, 215–230. doi: 10.1017/S0033822200013904

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Linford N., Linford P. and Payne, A. 2015b. Stonehenge Southern WHS Survey. Diamonds Field, Druid's Lodge, Wiltshire: report on geophysical surveys, October 2015, Historic England Research Report 94–2015.

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