“Voices against Silence”: a case study of the social impact of journalism

Figures & data

Table 1. Data collected from Twitter and Facebook.

	Twitter
Keywords	Tweets	Favorites	Retweets	Replies
#ViolenciasexualDTV	466	3045	3045	162
Voces contra el Silencio Documentos TV	257	1962	1477	72
Voces contra el silencio	451	3286	2397	111
Total	1174	8293	6919	345
	Facebook
Keywords	Fb/posts	Likes	Shares	Comments
#ViolenciasexualDTV	42	253	40	15
Voces contra el Silencio Documentos TV	33	507	371	44
Comments posted on the Fb/post that contain the Documentary		163	599	44
	75	923	1010	103

Table 2. Codebook.

Category	Code	Element	Description
Type of sender	SCI	Citizens	Tweets and Fb/posts published by individual persons/citizens
	SOR	Organizations	Tweets and Fb/posts published by organizations or institutions
	SPR	Program/Journalists	Tweets and Fb/posts published on the program’s account or Tweets and Fb/posts published by individual persons/citizens or journalists involved in the documentary selected
Type of content	CQD	Direct quotes from the documentary	Tweets and Fb/posts publishing direct quotes from the documentary to highlight contributions.
	CD	Dissemination	Tweets and Fb/posts publishing a message disseminating the program with a subjective opinion
	CR	Reflection	Tweets and Fb/posts publishing a reflexive opinion on the content of the documentary
	CP	Prestige	Tweets and Fb/posts publishing a positive evaluation of the documentary, ascribing it prestige or a strong reputation.
	CSC	Sexist content	Tweets and Fb/posts publishing a message with sexist content
	CSP	Spam	Tweets and Fb/posts publishing spam content such as advertisements not related to the program.
Type of Indicators of Social Impact (ISIR)	ISSV	Voices of Survivors	Tweets and Fb/posts publishing direct quotes taken from survivors’ testimonies
	ISSOR	Overcoming Revictimization	Tweets and Fb/posts publishing messages that address revictimization (e.g., overcoming blaming discourses, stating that survivors are brave, or enhancing the reputation of the documentary to help to prevent sexual harassment).
	ISSOS	Overcoming Second Order Sexual Harassment	Tweets and Fb/posts publishing messages that identify second order of sexual harassment and the importance for addressing this issue.

Table 3. Interviewee profiles.

Anonymized code (Interviewees)	Job title	Gender/Age Range	Date (2018)
Marta	University postdoctoral researcher and teacher’s assistant who viewed the documentary in her university class.	Woman, 30–35	December 18
Sara	University doctoral researcher. She saw the documentary with friends. North of Spain.	Woman, 20–25	December 20
Alex	Primary school teacher.	Man, 25–20	December 16
Maria	Primary school teacher. She saw the documentary with her colleagues and lead a discussion on the film with primary school teachers in a training session.	Woman, 35–40	December 20
Elena	University student. She decided to become involved in the struggle against university sexual harassment after viewing the documentary.	Woman, 18–22	December 22
Laura	University professor. Mexico. She uses the documentary as a teaching tool in class.	Woman, 45–50	December 17
Teresa	University professor. Spain. She saw the documentary by herself. Northern Spain.	Woman, 55–60	November 27
Eva	University postdoctoral researcher. She participated in several debates with stakeholders and associations for gender equality. Eastern Spain.	Woman, 25–30	December 19
Olivia	Unemployed woman who watched the documentary on TV and contacted one of its characters. Eastern Spain.	Woman, 50–55	December 17
Diana	University professor. Southern Spain. She uses the documentary as a teaching tool in class.	Woman, 40–45	December 22
Carolina	Secondary school teacher. Northern Spain. She decided to write her dissertation on the victim’s stories.	Woman, 30–35	December 23
Carmen	Former university student. After the documentary’s release, she decided to share her experience with the network of survivors appearing in the film.	Woman, 20–25	December 15
Rosa	University student. She decided to write her undergraduate final thesis on sexual harassment at universities upon the documentary approach.	Woman, 20–25	January 8
Claudia	University professor. Mexico. She got inspired by the documentary to break the silence and support other survivors at her university.	Woman, 35–40	January 10

Table 4. Social impact coverage ratio.

Keywords (Twitter)	Total number of tweets	Total number of tweets with ISIR	Social impact coverage ratio (%)
#ViolenciasexualDTV	466	201	43,13
Voces contra el Silencio Documentos TV	257	85	33,07
Voces contra el silencio	451	171	37,92
Keywords (Facebook)	Total number of Fb/posts	Total number of Fb/posts with ISIR	Social impact coverage ratio (%)
#ViolenciasexualDTV	42	9	21,43
Voces contra el Silencio Documentos TV	33	9	27,27
Comments posted on the Fb/post that contain the Documentary—YouTube	44	0	0,00

Table 5. Coverage ratio of tweets with indicators of social impact.

Type of ISIR (Indicator of Social Impact (Twitter)	Total number of tweets	Coverage ratio (100%)
ISSV (ISS Voices of Victims)	97	21,23
ISSOR (ISS Overcoming Revictimization)	320	70,02
ISSOS (ISS Overcoming Second Order Sexual Harassment)	40	8.75
Type of ISIR (Indicator of Social Impact (Facebook)	Total number of Fb/posts	Coverage ratio (100%)
ISSV (ISS Voices of Survivors)	10	55,56
ISSOR (ISS Overcoming Revictimization)	7	38,89
ISSOS (ISS Overcoming Second Order Sexual Harassment)	1	5,56

Table 6. Type of sender.

Type of Sender (Twitter)	Total number of tweets	Coverage ratio (100%)
SCI (Citizens)	705	60,05
SPR (Program or journalists involved)	261	22,23
SOR (Organizations or institutions)	208	17,72
Type of Sender (Facebook)	Total number Fb/posts/com	Coverage ratio (100%)
SCI (Citizens)	90	75,63
SPR (Program or journalists involved)	2	1,68
SOR (Organizations or institutions)	27	22,69

Table 7. Coverage ratios of types of content.

Type of content (Twitter)	Total number of tweets	Coverage ratio (100%)
CD (Dissemination)	570	48,55
CP (Prestige, trust, positive reputation)	259	22,06
CQD (Direct quotes from the documentary)	176	14,99
CR (Reflections)	162	13,80
CSC (Sexist content)	2	0,17
CSP (Spam)	5	0,43
Type of content (Facebook)	Total number of Fb/posts	Coverage ratio (100%)
CD (Dissemination)	45	37,82
CP (Prestige, trust, positive reputation)	17	14,29
CQD (Direct quotes from the documentary)	8	6,72
CR (Reflections)	45	37,82
CSC (Sexist content)	4	3,36
CSP (Spam)	0	0,00