Status of surface modification techniques for artificial hip implants

Figures & data

Figure 1. (a) Surface texturing on femoral head [33] and (b) SEM images of different types of fabricated surface texturing.[9]

Table 1 Summary of tribological studies on surface texturing.

Abbreviations: EDT stands for electrical discharge texturing, PVD for physical vapour deposition, SS for stainless steel, Ta-C for tetrahedral amorphous carbon and UHMWPE for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene.

Figure 2. Cross section images of deposited (a) a-C:H and (b) Ta-C on stainless steel.[11]

Figure 3. Friction coefficient results for different prosthesis heads.[11]

Figure 4. SEM images showing (a) as-deposited DLC-coated surface, (b) formation of film transfer due to load, (c) full delamination of coated materials at higher loads, and (d) wear track on dimpled area.[10]

Figure 5. Schema of a THA with the PMPC-grafted CLPE liner. A transmission electron microscopy image of the surface is shown on the right. Orange and blue lines indicate the PMPC layer and the liner surface, respectively.[68]

Figure 6. Graft conformation at various densities of polymer chains.[12]

Table 2 Summary of tribological studies on surface coating.

Abbreviations: TiN stands for titanium nitride, CVD stands for chemical vapour deposition, MW for microwave, PEEK for poly(etherether-ketone), RF for radio frequency and SBF for simulated body fluid.

Table 3 Summary of tribological studies on surface grafting.

Abbreviations: PDMAEMA stands for poly(2-(N,Ndimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate), POEGMA for poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate) and PMPA for poly(2-(methacryloylethyl) phosphoric acid).

Figure 7. Coefficient of dynamic friction of polyelectrolyte-grafted CLPE samples under various lubrication conditions. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations. *Indicates p < 0.05, **indicates p < 0.01, and N.S. indicates no statistical difference.[12]

Figure 8. Wear mechanism for (a) without dimpled surfaces, (b) smaller depth dimpled surfaces and (c) suitable depth dimpled surfaces.[80]

Figure 9. Cross-sectional schematic view of the wear mechanism model for (a) DLC-smooth, (b) DLC with higher density (c) DLC with suitable density (d) DLC with lower density.[43]

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