On the origin of open-circuit voltage losses in flexible n-i-p perovskite solar cells

Figures & data

Figure 1. (a) Calculated QFLS of the different studied heterojunctions (glass/MAPI, glass/MAPI/Spiro, glass/C₆₀/MAPI and glass/C₆₀/MAPI/Spiro) based on Equation 1(1) $QFLS=kTln\left(PLQY\frac{J_G}{J_{0,rad}}\right)$(1) using absolute PL measurements. (b) PLQY and individual $J_{0,nr}$ contributions (calculated from Equation 3)(3) $PLQY=\frac{J_{0,rad}}{J_{0,rad}+J_{0,nr}}=\frac{J_{0,rad}}{J_{0,rad}+J_{0,bulk}+J_{0,i-p}+J_{0,n-i}+\dots }$(3) for the different heterojunctions.

Figure 2. (a) Calculated QFLS for the different interfacial modifications (BCP, B4PyMPM, 3TPYMB and LiF) with respect to glass/C₆₀/MAPI heterojunction. (b) PLQY and individual $J_{0,nr}$ contributions for the different heterojunctions.

Figure 3. J-V characteristics of flexible PSCs with and without (a) BCP, (b) B4PyMPM, (c) 3TPYMB and (d) LiF interfacial modifications. The inset shows the comparison of power outputs at MPP under 1 sun continuous illumination with and without interlayers.

Table 1. PV parameters from J-V characteristics shown in Figure 3.

Solar cell	Voc (V)	Jsc (mA/cm^2)	FF (%)	ηMPP (%)
w/o BCP	1.03	19.5	74.3	14.4
with BCP	1.05	19.3	71.9	14.2
w/o B4PyMPM	1.05	19.5	71.7	14.5
with B4PyMPM	1.09	19.5	71.7	14.9
w/o 3TPYMB	1.05	19.5	71.1	14.1
with 3TPYMB	1.08	19.2	71.5	14.5
w/o LiF	1.05	19.3	71.2	14.3
with LiF	1.09	18.7	69.3	14.0

Figure 4. (a) Calculated QFLS of the different-investigated heterojunctions (glass/C₆₀/MAPI, glass/SnO₂/MAPI and glass/a-TiO₂/MAPI/Spiro). (b) PLQY and individual $J_{0,nr}$ contributions for the different ETL/MAPI interfaces.

Figure 5. (a) Calculated QFLS for glass/MAPI/Spiro heterojunction at different times under ambient atmosphere exposure. (b) PLQY and individual $J_{0,nr}$ contributions as a function of time.