Why does emissions trading under the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) not affect firms’ competitiveness? Empirical findings from the literature

Figures & data

Figure 1. The build-up of surplus in EU ETS by 2020. Source: Carbon Market Watch (2014), p. 4.

Figure 2. Energy cost shares in basic prices (in % of gross output). Source: European Competitiveness Report (2014), p. 194.

Figure 3. Energy cost shares by manufacturing industry in basic prices (in % of gross output). Source: European Competitiveness Report (2014), p. 195.

Figure 4. Share of low-carbon patents in total patents filed with the European Patent Office (1978–2009). Source: Calel and Dechezleprêtre (2016), p. 177.

Carbon Market Watch. (2014). What’s needed to fix the EU’s carbon market? Recommendations for the market stability reserve and future ETS reform proposals (Policy Briefing). Retrieved from http://carbonmarketwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ETS-POLICY-BRIEF-JULY-2014_final_1.pdf

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European Competitiveness Report. (2014). Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/competitiveness/reports/eu-competitiveness-report/index_en.htm

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Calel, R., & Dechezleprêtre, A. (2016). Environmental policy and directed technological change: Evidence from the European carbon market. Review of Economics and Statistics, 98(1), 173–191. doi: 10.1162/REST_a_00470

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