International and national climate policies for aviation: a review

Figures & data

Table 1. Forecast for carbon emissions from Swedish residents’ air travel in relation to international policies, in Mt CO₂.

	A	B	C	D
	Emissions 2017	Forecast 2030 Direct emissions	Emissions reductions in other sectors	Forecast 2030 Net emissions (B minus C)
Flights within the EU (including domestic)	3.2	3.7	−1.3 (EU ETS)	2.5
Flights to destinations outside the EU	2.3	2.7	−0.3 (CORSIA)	2.5
Total	5.5	6.5	−1.6	4.9

Table 2. Assessment of national aviation climate policies.

	Legal feasibility for		Additionality in relation to the EU ETS and CORSIA	Incentives for emissions reductions for
	Domestic flights	International flights		Airlines	Consumers
Tax on jet fuel	✓	Only with bilateral agreements	✓	✓	✓
Distance-based air passenger tax	✓	✓	✓	–	✓
Quota obligation for biofuels	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓