Figures & data
Table 1. Characteristics of the Ruhr area and Saarland.
Figure 1. History of hard coal production in Germany and structural policy programs in the Ruhr area and Saarland from 1951-2018. Source: Own depiction based on Herpich, Brauers, and Oei (Citation2018).
![Figure 1. History of hard coal production in Germany and structural policy programs in the Ruhr area and Saarland from 1951-2018. Source: Own depiction based on Herpich, Brauers, and Oei (Citation2018).](/cms/asset/1ed26220-175b-4a3b-aa6c-125a22c5f339/tcpo_a_1688636_f0001_oc.jpg)
Figure 2. Trends in unemployment rates in the Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saarland and (West) Germany from 1960 to 2015. Source: Regionalverband Ruhr (Citation2017c), Bundesagentur für Arbeit (Citation2018).
Note: The depicted (West-) Germany values are only for West Germany from 1960 until 1990 and from then onwards for the reunified Germany; data for the Ruhr area was available only for the years after 1966, the same accounts for Saarland after 1967.
![Figure 2. Trends in unemployment rates in the Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saarland and (West) Germany from 1960 to 2015. Source: Regionalverband Ruhr (Citation2017c), Bundesagentur für Arbeit (Citation2018).Note: The depicted (West-) Germany values are only for West Germany from 1960 until 1990 and from then onwards for the reunified Germany; data for the Ruhr area was available only for the years after 1966, the same accounts for Saarland after 1967.](/cms/asset/dd5ece91-ad89-4d14-a0ad-4ee4ec8c54bf/tcpo_a_1688636_f0002_oc.jpg)
Figure 3. Summary of implemented measures and instruments for the Ruhr area and Saarland during transition. Source: Own depiction, based on (Hartmann, Citation2018; Goch, Citation2009, Citation2011, Citation2017; Land Saarland, Citation2014; Untiedt, Ridder, Meyer, & Biermann Citation2010; Meyer et al., Citation2010; Anderson, Citation2007; Fläschner & Hunsicker, Citation2007; Storchmann, Citation2005; Bundesregierung, Citation1983, Citation1984, Citation1985, Citation1990, Citation1993, Citation1997; Nägele, Citation1996).
![Figure 3. Summary of implemented measures and instruments for the Ruhr area and Saarland during transition. Source: Own depiction, based on (Hartmann, Citation2018; Goch, Citation2009, Citation2011, Citation2017; Land Saarland, Citation2014; Untiedt, Ridder, Meyer, & Biermann Citation2010; Meyer et al., Citation2010; Anderson, Citation2007; Fläschner & Hunsicker, Citation2007; Storchmann, Citation2005; Bundesregierung, Citation1983, Citation1984, Citation1985, Citation1990, Citation1993, Citation1997; Nägele, Citation1996).](/cms/asset/5380f9e2-5d02-4d3b-8cac-29ba2612ef6c/tcpo_a_1688636_f0003_oc.jpg)