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Climate Policy Volume 23, 2023 - Issue 9: Oil and Gas Just Transitions
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Research Article

Green innovation of state-owned oil and gas enterprises in BRICS countries: a review of performance

Amy Myers Jaffea Climate Policy Lab, The Fletcher School, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USAView further author information
,
Zdenka Myslikovaa Climate Policy Lab, The Fletcher School, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USACorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
,
Qi Qia Climate Policy Lab, The Fletcher School, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USAView further author information
,
Fang Zhangb School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Soyoung Oha Climate Policy Lab, The Fletcher School, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6153-4263View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Jareer Elassa Climate Policy Lab, The Fletcher School, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USAView further author information
Pages 1167-1181 | Received 28 Feb 2022, Accepted 03 Nov 2022, Published online: 17 Nov 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1. SOEs’ R&D expenditures (Unit: USD millions with GDP deflator).

Figure 1. SOEs’ R&D expenditures (Unit: USD millions with GDP deflator).

Figure 2. R&D intensity (%, R&D expenditures as a percentage of the company’s revenues) and the price of crude (in USD).

Figure 2. R&D intensity (%, R&D expenditures as a percentage of the company’s revenues) and the price of crude (in USD).

Figure 3. Share of green patents in total patent applications for Shell, Chevron, and BP.

Figure 3. Share of green patents in total patent applications for Shell, Chevron, and BP.

Figure 4. Proportion of green to total patent applications (%). Note: PetroSA is not included in the figure, because it only applied for green patents (2) in 2005, and its last patenting activity (in the non-green patents) was in 2012.

Figure 4. Proportion of green to total patent applications (%). Note: PetroSA is not included in the figure, because it only applied for green patents (2) in 2005, and its last patenting activity (in the non-green patents) was in 2012.
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