Geographies of landscape aesthetics: mapping landscape terminology in digitised historical travel accounts of Loch Lomond and the Trossachs

Figures & data

Table 1. Corpus of ‘Loch Lomond and the Trossachs’ travel writing (sorted by publication year).

Author/Publishing Company	Title	Year published
Thomas Pennant	A Tour in Scotland	1771
Samuel Johnson	A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland	1775
James Boswell	The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides	1785
James Denholm	A Tour to the Principal Scottish and English Lakes	1804
Robert Chapman	The Picture of Glasgow and Stranger’s Guide	1818
M. Anderson	An Account of the Principle Pleasure Tours in Scotland	1819
Charles Nodier	Promenade from Dieppe to the Mountains of Scotland	1822
John MacCulloch	The Highlands and Western Isles of Scotland	1822
Stirling and Kennedy	The Scottish Tourist and Itinerary	1831
James Johnson	Autumnal Relaxation in the Highlands and Lowlands	1834
Joseph Swan and Joseph Fleming	Select Views of the Lakes of Scotland from Original Paintings	1834
Leigh and Son	Leigh’s New Pocket Roadbook of Scotland	1836
John Leighton and Professor Wilson	Swan’s View of the Lakes of Scotland	1836
Lumsden and Son	Lumsden and Son’s Guide to the Romantic Guide to the Romantic Scenery of Loch Lomond, Loch Ketturin and the Trossachs	1844
Jacob Abbott	Summer in Scotland	1848
Reverend Robert Turnbull	The Genius of Scotland	1848
Menzie	Menzie’s Pocket Guide to the Trossachs, Loch Katrine and Loch Lomond	1852
Black	Black’s Picturesque Guide to the Trossachs	1853
Brydone	Brydone’s Guide to the Trossachs, Loch Lomond, the Highlands of Perthshire etc.	1856
J. Robertson	Robertson’s Tourist Guide to the Beautiful and Romantic Scenery of Loch Lomond	1857
Nelson	Nelson’s Tourist’s Guide to the Trossachs and Loch Lomond	1858
Black	Black’s Picturesque Tourist of Scotland	1861
Cuthbert Bede	A Tour in Tartan-Land	1863
G. W. Wilson	Photographs of English and Scottish Scenery; Trossachs and Loch Katrine	1868
John Murray	Handbook for Travellers in Scotland	1875
W. Paterson	The Tourist’s Handy Guide to Scotland	1875
Thomas A. Croal	Scottish Loch Scenery	1882
J. Menzies	Macleod’s Tourist’s Guide through Edinburgh and Glasgow, to Loch Lomond: by four favourite routes: Balloch, Loch Long, Aberfoyle and Loch Katrine	1890
J. Miller	Midland and North British Railways Tourist Guide to the Land of Scott	1890
A Glasgow Pedestrian	Our Western Hills	1892
Sir J. Causton and Sons	‘Mountain, Moor and Loch” illustrated by pen and pencil on route of the West Highland Railway	1894
Shearer	Shearer’s Guide to Stirling, Dunblane, Callander, the Trossachs and Loch Lomond, Killin, Loch Tay, Loch Awe, Crianlarich and Oban	1895
Lock Ward	A Pictorial and Descriptive Guide to Oban, Fort William, the Caledonian Canal, Iona, Staffa and the Western Highlands	1906
Caledonian Railway Company	Tourist’s Guide. Season 1906. West Coast Route between Scotland and England	1906
Geraldine Edith Mitton	The Trossachs	1911
JJ Bell	Scotland in Ten Days	1934

Figure 1. Map of the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park, with contemporary place names.

Table 2. Spelling variations of named locations, water bodies and landforms found in historical travel accounts of Loch Lomond and the Trossachs.

Contemporary spellings	Historic spelling variations/Alternative references
Aberfoyle	Aberfoil
Arrochar	Arroquhar/Arroqhar/Aroquhar
Ben A’an	Benawn/Benan
Ben Vorlich	Ben Voirlich/Benvoirloich
Brig O’Turk	Brigg of Turk/Bridge of Turk
Callander	Callender
Glen Finglas	Glenfinglass/Glen Finlas
Glen Fruin	Glen of Mourning
Lake of Menteith	Loch Monteith/Menteith Lake
Loch Arklet	Loch-Archlat/Loch Arclet
Loch Doine	Loch Dhuine
Loch Lomond	Loch Loamin
Loch Katrine	Loch Catherine/Loch Ketturin/Loch Kathrine/Loch Kettering/Loch Ketterin/Loch Katerine/Loch Ceid-Lurrin
Loch Venachar	Loch Vennachoir/Loch Venu-Char
The Trossachs	The Trosachs
Pass of Leny	Pass of Leney
Firkin Point	Point of Farkin/Cape of Firkin
Rossdhu House	Rossdoe House
Rowardennan	Rowardenan/Row of Dennan
Strathyre	Strathire
Tarbet	Tarbert

Table 3. Examples of negated instances of the beautiful, magnificent, picturesque, romantic and sublime.

Author/Publishing Company	Named location	Textual context	Year published
James Denholm	Inveruglas	‘ … in which more of the terrible is combine, than the soft and beautiful.’	1804
James Denholm	Loch Lomond	‘ … much of that beautiful effect is lost … ’	1804
Charles Dieppe	Loch Lomond	‘In no part does Loch Lomond display more magnificence.’	1822
John Macculloch	Glen Croe	‘ … nearly as void of variety as of magnificence.’	1824
John Macculloch	Glen Croe	‘ … certainly, nothing picturesque.’	1824
James Johnson	Loch Katrine	‘ … deficient, both in beauty and sublimity.’	1834
Joseph Swan	Loch Katrine	‘This view does not possess the picturesque or romantic interest.’	1834
Lumsden and Sons	Loch Lomond	‘ … in the eyes of the real worshipper of the picturesque, must be deemed nothing more than interesting.’	1844
Lumsden and Sons	Loch Ard	‘ … certainly inferior in picturesque grandeur to Loch Ketturin.’	1844
J. Menzies	Un-defined Mountains	‘ … exhibit no romantic shapes … ’	1890
Geraldine Edith Mitton	Loch Venachar	‘ … along Loch Venachar is not beautiful … ’	1911

Table 4. Total instances, co-occurrences and co-occurrence frequencies for each search term.

	Total instances	Co-occurrences	Co-occurrence frequency
Beautiful	137	107	78.1%
Magnificent	55	43	78.2%
Picturesque	74	61	82.4%
Romantic	51	46	90.2%
Sublime	51	40	74.8%
Total	365	297	81.4%

Figure 2 A: Density smoothed map of beautiful co-occurrences; B: Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic of beautiful co-occurrences.

Figure 3. A: Density smoothed map of magnificent co-occurrences B: Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic of magnificent co-occurrences.

Figure 4. A: Density smoothed map of picturesque co-occurrences B: Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic of picturesque co-occurrences.

Figure 5. A: Density smoothed map of ‘romantic’ co-occurrences B: Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic of ‘romantic’ Co-occurrences.

Figure 6. A: Density smoothed map of sublime co-occurrences B: Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic of sublime co-occurrences.

Table 5. Co-occurrence frequencies for each landscape aesthetic term by elevation.

Aesthetic term	<100m	100–400m	400–700m	>700m
Beautiful	46.7%	43.3%	0%	10%
Magnificent	35.7%	35.7%	14.3%	14.3%
Picturesque	51.8%	37%	0%	11.2%
Romantic	52.6%	36.8%	0%	10.5%
Sublime	31.3%	31.3%	6.1%	31.3%
Corpus	43.5%	40.6%	2.9%	13%

Table

Named locations (towns, villages, settlements etc.)
Aberfoyle Aldochlay Ardentinny Ardgartan Ardlui Arrochar Balloch Balmaha Balquihidder Blaimore Brig O’Turk Callander Carrick Castle	Crianlarich Croftamie Drymen Gartmore Gartocharn Glenbranter Inverarnan Inverbeg Inverlochlarig Invernsaid Inveruglas Killin Kilmahog	Kilmun Kinlochard Lochearnhead Lochgoilhead Luss Milton of Buchanan Port of Menteith Rowardennan St. Filans Strathyre Stronachlachar Tarbet Tyndrum
BODIES OF WATER
Glen Finglas Reservoir Lake of Menteith Loch Achray Loch Ard Loch Arklet Loch Chon Loch Doine	Loch Dhu Loch Dochart Loch Earn Loch Eck Loch Goil Loch Katrine Loch Lomond	Loch Lubnaig Loch Sloy Loch Venachar Lochan Uaine
MOUNTAINS AND MUNROS
	Ben A’an Ben Ledi Ben Lomond Ben Lui Ben More Ben Vane Ben Venue	Ben Vorlich Conic Hill Doune Hill Meall an t-Seallaidh The Brack The Cobbler
GLENS
	Glen Ample Glen Croe Glen Dochart Glen Douglas Glen Falloch Glen Finart	Glen Finglas Glen Fruin Glen Luss Glen Massan Glen Ogle
POINTS OF INTEREST
	Callander Bridge Duke’s Pass Firkin Point Pass of Leny Rob Roy’s Cave Rossdhu House