The nature of orchestrational work

Figures & data

Table 1. Results of the observation. Overview of the data about managerial roles.

Role	Task	# tasks	# minutes	Total # tasks per role	Total # minutes per role
Figurehead	1. Ceremonial /executive representative actions	26	1,324	27	1,344
	2. Job interviews	0	0
	3. Status requests	1	20
Leader	1. Leading and motivating subordinates	31	1,078	49	1,632
	2. Recruiting, training, promoting, dismissing, rating staff	18	554
Liaison	1. Maintaining network of external contacts to gain favours and information	66	1,929	120	3,779
	2. External board work	4	227
	3. Negotiation with external contacts	50	1,623
Monitor	1. Handling incoming (e)mail	99	1,833	166	3,013
	2. Handling incoming phone calls	44	428
	3. Maintaining contacts which can contribute valuable information	20	725
	4. Observational/inspectional tours in the company	3	27
Disseminator	1. Sending mail containing important information for the organization	46	1,089	118	2,625
	2. Verbal contact with subordinates to send information through the organization	72	1,536
Spokesperson	1. Attending (board) meetings	39	2,006	203	5,406
	2. Handling outgoing (e)mail	82	1,621
	3. Handling outgoing phone calls	39	528
	4. Maintaining valuable external contacts	43	1,251
Entrepreneur	1. Strategy/review discussion on creation-design of improvements/innovations	32	1,209	55	2,371
	2. Initiating organizational change	8	387
	3. Searching opportunities for organizational change/improvement	15	775
Disturbance handler	1. Strategy and review meetings dealing with disturbances and crises	8	262	20	499
	2. Conducting/commissioning corrections to prevent commotion	12	237
Resource allocator	1. Organizing/planning time	33	655	68	1,658
	2. Delegating and scheduling work of subordinates	17	565
	3. Spreading and distribution of organizational resources	6	136
	4. Authorizing the use of resources by subordinates	4	99
	5. Activities concerned with budgeting and work of subordinates	8	203
Negotiator	1. Negotiations of any kind	20	473	20	473
Total		846	22,800

Table 2. Results of the observation. Overview of the data for an orchestrator.

Role	Task	# tasks	# minutes
Orchestrator	Operational work	4	76
	Travelling	10	328
	Bridging	8	718
	Networking	12	474
	Preparing documents	13	322
	Stabilizing network	5	89
	Transferring knowledge	4	90
Total		56	2,097