Contribution, prospects and trends of livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Figures & data

Figure 1. Some common species of livestock and their distributions, in Sub-Saharan Africa. Source: Oecd, F.A.O. (OECD, F.A.O, 2016).

Table 1. Comparison of cattle, sheep and goats, pig and poultry numbers of SSA and the Globe.

Species of Animals	Years
	2000	2010	2020	2030	2040	2050
Cattle:
SSA	0.179	0.219	0.253	0.273	0.278	0.270
Globe	1.498	1.844	2.170	2.423	2.593	2.636
Sheep and Goats:
SSA	0.271	0.346	0.406	0.443	0.459	0.457
Globe	1.707	2.061	2.359	2.566	2.677	2.673
Pigs:
SSA	0.019	0.024	0.029	0.032	0.034	0.034
Globe	0.912	1.038	1.115	1.121	1.076	0.978
Poultry:
SSA	0.784	0.991	1.170	1.306	1.407	1.445
Globe	16.178	20.350	24.760	28.819	32.423	34.551

Source: Adopted from Rosegrant et al. (2009) as cited by Thornton and Herrero (2010).

Table 2. Estimated market sizes of livestock products in Africa (in 2005/7, 2030 and 2050-in a million tonnes).

	Estimated consumption 2005/07	Growth		Estimated consumption	Annual growth rate
		2005/7–2030	2030–2050	2050	2005/7–2050
Milk	32.4	24.8	25.4	82.6	2.2%
Eggs	1.6	2.0	2.5	6.1	3.1%
Pig-meat (pork)	0.08	1.1	1.5	3.5	3.3%
Mutton	2.2	1.7	2.1	6.0	2.3%
Poultry meat	2.9	3.6	5.3	11.8	3.3%
Beef	4.3	3.9	5.0	13.6	2.5%
Estimated sizes of the meat markets in the major world regions (2005–07, 2030 and 2050-in mill. tonnes)
Developed	108.1	16.8	6.6	131.5	0.4%
Africa	10.5	10.3	13.9	34.8	2.8%
Asia (on average)*	33.47	23.53	16.63	73.63	2.63%
L. America	33.9	17.0	9.7	60.6	1.3%
Estimated sizes of milk markets in the major world regions (2005–07, 2030 and 2050-in million tonnes)
Developed	273.1	35.2	11.2	319.6	0.4%
Africa	32.1	24.8	25.4	282.6	2.2%
Asia (on average)*	59.03	42.63	31.20	132.83	1.73%
L. America	61.7	25.5	13.3	100.5	1.1%

Source: As cited by Pica-Ciamarra et al. (2014). Asia (on average).

* = average values taken from the data of ‘Near East (1), East - and South-East (2) and South Asia (3)’ as shown in Pica-Ciamarra et al. (2014).

Figure 2. Estimated demand for livestock products (by 2010, 2030 and 2050). Source: FAO, Acosta and Felis (FAO, 2017) estimations. Aggregated data for Burkina, Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda.

Table 3. Estimated trends of the livestock-based products, over the years based on the given indicators, in Sub-Saharan Africa.

	Growth		Growth		Growth
	2010–2019	2020–2029	2011–2020	2021–2030	2012–2021	2022–2031
Macro-assumptions:
The net value of livestock production	1.35	2.47	1.48	2.19	1.14	2.47
Quantity produced (kt):
Meat	2.36	2.21	2.51	2.01	2.59	2.13
Dairy	0.11	2.78	0.29	3.10	0.47	3.27
GHG emissions (Mt CO2-eq):
Total	1.34	1.31	1.38	1.43	1.68	1.42
Crop	3.56	1.57	−1.29	0.07	−0.86	0.04
Animal	3.56	1.57	2.42	1.85	2.57	1.80
Demand and food security:
Daily per capita caloric availability (kcal)	0.00	0.30	−0.05	0.32	0.01	0.38
Daily per capita protein availability (g)	−0.16	0.11	−0.09	0.18	−0.32	0.27
Per capita food availability (kg/year):
Meat	−0.23	−0.07	−0.31	0.29	−0.07	0.07
Dairy	−2.61	0.28	−2.38	0.54	−1.70	0.82
Self-sufficiency ratio of meat	−0.13	−0.24	−0.03	−0.70	−0.35	−0.37

Source: Extracted from 3 sources, as cited by OECD-FAO (OECD, F. A. O, 2022); OECD-FAO (OECD, F. A. O, 2021); OECD-FAO (OECD/FAO, 2020). Note: Least square growth rates; dairy includes butter, cheese, milk powders and fresh dairy products, expressed in milk solid equivalent units, daily per capita calories represent availability, not intake; self-sufficiency ratio calculated as Production/(Production + Imports - Exports) × 100.

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