Constraints to agricultural finance in underdeveloped and developing countries: a systematic literature review

Figures & data

Figure 1. PRISMA 2020 flow diagram.

Table 1. Year wise distribution of selected studies.

Year	No. of Studies	Nature of Studies	No. of Studies
2010–2012	34	Qualitative	05
2013–2014	14	Quantitative	74
2015–2016	16	Literature Review	07
2017–2018	14	Descriptive	23
2019–2022	32	Books	01
Total	110		110

Table 2. Country wise distribution of selected studies.

Country	Status	No. of Studies	Contributors
Afghanistan	Under Developed	02	(Moahid et al., 2021; Moahid & Maharjan, 2020)
Bangladesh	Under Developed	02	(Islam et al., 2011; Quddus & Kropp, 2020)
Bhutan	Under Developed	01	(Elangbam & Dawa, 2014)
Brazil	Developing	01	(de Castro & Teixeira, 2012)
Burkina Faso	Under Developed	01	(Porgo et al., 2017)
Chile	Developing	01	(Reyes & Lensink, 2011)
China	Developing	17	(Cai et al., 2018; Changsheng et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2020; Chiu et al., 2014; Dong et al., 2012; Hu et al., 2019, 2020; Jia et al., 2010; Khantachavana et al., 2012; Kumar et al., 2013; Li et al., 2013, 2020; Lin, Wang, Gan, Cohen, et al., 2019; Lin, Wang, Gan, Nguyen et al., 2019; Turvey, 2010; Weng et al., 2020; Zhao & Barry, 2014
Democratic Republic Of Congo	Under Developed	02	(Bonnke et al., 2022; Muayila & Tollens, 2012)
Ethiopia	Under Developed	10	(Admasu & Paul, 2010; Ahma et al., 2010; Balana et al., 2022; Gashayie & Singh, 2015; Gebeyehu, 2019; Gurmessa & Ndinda, 2014; Kiros & Meshesha, 2022; McIntosh et al., 2013; Regassa & Melesse, 2023; Tura et al., 2017)
Gambia	Under Developed	01	(Gajigo, 2013)
Ghana	Under Developed	08	(Appiah-Twumasi et al., 2022; Denkyirah et al., 2016; Issahaku et al., 2020; Jumpah et al., 2019; Kuwornu et al., 2012; Sekyi et al., 2017; Teye & Quarshie, 2022; Twumasi et al., 2019)
Guinea	Under Developed	01	(Seck, 2019)
India	Developing	06	(Dhakshana & Rajandran, 2018; Kishore, 2012; Kumar et al., 2013; Sharma et al., 2012; Shee & Turvey, 2012; Yadav & Sharma, 2015)
Indonesia	Developing	01	(Khanal & Regmi, 2017)
Iran	Developing	04	(Ansari et al., 2012; Aref, 2010; Ghambarali et al., 2014; Soltani et al., 2014)
Kenya	Developing	02	(Kiplimo et al., 2015; Muiruri et al., 2010)
Mexico	Developing	02	(Chiu et al., 2014; Khantachavana et al., 2012)
Myanmar	Under Developed	01	(Snoxell & Lyne, 2019)
Nigeria	Developing	11	(Badiru, 2010; Etonihu et al., 2013; Ijioma & Osondu, 2015; Iniovorua et al., 2016; Kehinde & Olatidoye, 2019; Mohammed & Mukhtar, 2015; Ojo & Baiyegunhi, 2020; Olowa & Olowa, 2011; Omolade & Adepoju, 2019; Omonona et al., 2010; Ugwumba & Omojola, 2013)
Pakistan	Developing	17	(Abdullah et al., 2015; Ahmad, 2011; Amanullah et al., 2019; Amanullah & Channa, 2020; Chandio et al., 2017; Chandio & Jiang, 2018; Hassan et al., 2012; Hussain & Thapa, 2012; Jan & Khan, 2012; Khan et al., 2013; Khatun et al., 2014; Mehmood et al., 2017; Rasheed et al., 2016; Saqib et al., 2016; Saqib, Kuwornu, Ahmad, et al., 2018; Saqib, Kuwornu, Panezia, et al., 2018; Ullah et al., 2020)
Peruvian	Developing	01	(Fletschner et al., 2010)
Philippine	Developing	04	(Bathan & Gordoncillo, 2017; Chau et al., 2016; Linh et al., 2019; Phan, 2012)
Rwanda	Under Developed	01	(Daniel Ayalew et al., 2014)
South Africa	Developing	02	(Baiyegunhi et al., 2010; Benjamin, 2012)
Sudan	Under Developed	01	(Ibrahim & Bauer, 2013)
Tanzania	Under Developed	03	(Balana et al., 2022; Jessop et al., 2012; Kinda & Loening, 2010)
Thailand	Developing	03	(Chotewattanakul et al., 2019; Jessop et al., 2012; Menkhoff & Rungruxsirivorn, 2011)
Togo	Under Developed	01	(Ali & Awade, 2019)
Turkey	Developing	01	(Bojnec, 2012)
Uruguay	Developing	01	(Gandelman & Rasteletti, 2017)
Zimbabwe	Developing	01	(Muroiwa et al., 2019)

Table 3. Constraints to agriculture finance.

Constraints	Country	Contributors
Lack of collateral	Africa, China, India, Ghana, Pakistan, Nigeria, Rwanda, Philippine, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe, Cambodia, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania, Thailand, and Tunisia, Kenya, Mexico, Iran, Turkey, Bhutan	(Abdullah et al., 2015; Admasu & Paul, 2010; Ahma et al., 2010; Ahmed et al., 2019; Amanullah et al., 2019; Appiah-Twumasi et al., 2022; Bathan & Gordoncillo, 2017; Benjamin, 2012; Bojnec, 2012; Changsheng et al., 2016; Chau et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2020; Chiu et al., 2014; Daniel Ayalew et al., 2014; Elangbam & Dawa, 2014; Gashayie & Singh, 2015; Ghambarali et al., 2014; Gurmessa & Ndinda, 2014; Hussain & Thapa, 2012; Ijioma & Osondu, 2015; Jessop et al., 2012; Jia et al., 2010; Khantachavana et al., 2012; Lin, Wang, Gan, Nguyen, et al., 2019; Linh et al., 2019; Muayila & Tollens, 2012; Muroiwa et al., 2019; Omolade & Adepoju, 2019; Saqib et al., 2016; Saqib, Kuwornu, Panezia, et al., 2018; Sekyi et al., 2017; Turvey, 2010; Twumasi et al., 2019; Weng et al., 2020; Yadav & Sharma, 2015)
Strict eligibility criteria	Chile, Guinea, China, Peruvian, Africa, Burkina Faso, Rwanda, Philippine, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Senegal, Mexico, Turkey, Bhutan	(Abdullah et al., 2015; Amanullah et al., 2019; Bathan & Gordoncillo, 2017; Bojnec, 2012; Cai et al., 2018; Changsheng et al., 2016; Chau et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2020; Chiu et al., 2014; Daniel Ayalew et al., 2014; Fletschner et al., 2010; Islam et al., 2011; Khantachavana et al., 2012; Kiros & Meshesha, 2022; Lin, Wang, Gan, Cohen, et al., 2019; McIntosh et al., 2013; Mehmood et al., 2017; Phan, 2012; Porgo et al., 2017; Reyes & Lensink, 2011; Seck, 2019; Weng et al., 2020; Zhao & Barry, 2014)
High interest rate	Chile, Guinea, China, India, Ghana, Pakistan, Nigeria, Philippine, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Sudan, Bangladesh, Senegal, Tennessee, Afghanistan, Thailand, Africa, Mexico, Iran, Turkey, Bhutan, Myanmar	(Ahmad, 2011; Ahmed et al., 2019; Amanullah et al., 2019; Ansari et al., 2012; Appiah-Twumasi et al., 2022; Awotide et al., 2015; Badiru, 2010; Baiyegunhi et al., 2010; Bojnec, 2012; Chandio & Jiang, 2018; Changsheng et al., 2016; Chiu et al., 2014; Chotewattanakul et al., 2019; Dhakshana & Rajandran, 2018; Dong et al., 2012; Elangbam & Dawa, 2014; Gebeyehu, 2019; Ghambarali et al., 2014; Hassan et al., 2012; Hu et al., 2019, 2020; Hussain & Thapa, 2012; Ibrahim & Bauer, 2013; Ijioma & Osondu, 2015; Iniovorua et al., 2016; Islam et al., 2011; Issahaku et al., 2020; Jumpah et al., 2019; Khantachavana et al., 2012; Khatun et al., 2014; Kiros & Meshesha, 2022; Kishore, 2012; Kumar et al., 2013; Li et al., 2013; Lin, Wang, Gan, Cohen, et al., 2019; Linh et al., 2019; McIntosh et al., 2013; Mehmood et al., 2017; Moahid & Maharjan, 2020; Muayila & Tollens, 2012; Ojo & Baiyegunhi, 2020; Olowa & Olowa, 2011; Omobitan et al., 2019; Omonona et al., 2010; Rasheed et al., 2016; Reyes & Lensink, 2011; Saqib et al., 2016; Saqib, Kuwornu, Ahmad et al., 2018; Seck, 2019; Shee & Turvey, 2012; Turvey, 2010; Twumasi et al., 2019; Ugwumba & Omojola, 2013; Yadav & Sharma, 2015; Zhao & Barry, 2014)
Asymmetric information	Chile, Peruvian, Africa, Uruguay, China, Philippine, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Ghana, Thailand, Mexico, Nigeria, Myanmar, Solomon island	(Baiyegunhi et al., 2010; Balana et al., 2022; Bonnke et al., 2022; Chau et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2020; Chiu et al., 2014; Chotewattanakul et al., 2019; Fletschner et al., 2010; Gandelman & Rasteletti, 2017; Gashayie & Singh, 2015; Hu et al., 2020; Iniovorua et al., 2016; Issahaku et al., 2020; Jia et al., 2010; Khantachavana et al., 2012; Li et al., 2013; Reyes & Lensink, 2011; Tura et al., 2017; Zhao & Barry, 2014)
Lack of competition among financial intuitions	Africa, Gambia, Sudan, China, Zimbabwe, Thailand, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Iran	(Badiru, 2010; Chotewattanakul et al., 2019; Gajigo, 2013; Gebeyehu, 2019; Ibrahim & Bauer, 2013; McIntosh et al., 2013; Muroiwa et al., 2019; Soltani et al., 2014; Zhao & Barry, 2014)
Lack of guarantees	Africa, China, Ghana, Nigeria, Pakistan, Iran, Mexico, Myanmar	(Baiyegunhi et al., 2010; Chandio et al., 2017; Changsheng et al., 2016; Ghambarali et al., 2014; Gurmessa & Ndinda, 2014; Iniovorua et al., 2016; Khantachavana et al., 2012; Saqib, Kuwornu, Ahmad, et al., 2018; Teye & Quarshie, 2022; Twumasi et al., 2019; Weng et al., 2020)
Risk aversion	Africa, Chile, Peruvian, Ghana, Philippine, Ethiopia, China, Senegal, Tanzania, Afghanistan, Thailand, Pakistan, Mexico, Kenya, Solomon island	(Appiah-Twumasi et al., 2022; Belhadi et al., 2021; Bonnke et al., 2022; Chau et al., 2016; Chiu et al., 2014; Fletschner et al., 2010; Gebeyehu, 2019; Jumpah et al., 2019; Khantachavana et al., 2012; McIntosh et al., 2013; Mehmood et al., 2017; Moahid & Maharjan, 2020; Muiruri et al., 2010; Reyes & Lensink, 2011; Seck, 2019; Turvey, 2010; Twumasi et al., 2019; Zhao & Barry, 2014)
Distance to credit sources and poor rural transportation networks	Chile, Pakistan, China, Philippine, Ethiopia, Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana, Africa, Kenya, Bhutan	(Abdullah et al., 2015; Amanullah et al., 2019; Benjamin, 2012; Cai et al., 2018; Chandio et al., 2017; Chandio & Jiang, 2018; Changsheng et al., 2016; Etonihu et al., 2013; Ibrahim & Bauer, 2013; Ijioma & Osondu, 2015; Jumpah et al., 2019; Kiplimo et al., 2015; Ojo & Baiyegunhi, 2020; Rasheed et al., 2016; Regassa & Melesse, 2023; Reyes & Lensink, 2011; Tura et al., 2017; Zhao & Barry, 2014)
Lack of awareness among farmers	Guinea, China, Peruvian, Ghana, Pakistan, Philippine, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Togo, Senegal, Tennessee, Mali, Tanzania, Thailand, and Tunisia, Afghanistan, Kenya, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Bhutan, Myanmar, DRC	(Admasu & Paul, 2010; Ahma et al., 2010; Ali & Awade, 2019; Amanullah et al., 2019; Ansari et al., 2012; Awotide et al., 2015; Badiru, 2010; Bathan & Gordoncillo, 2017; Bonnke et al., 2022; Chandio et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2020; Fletschner et al., 2010; Hassan et al., 2012; Hu et al., 2019; Hussain & Thapa, 2012; Iniovorua et al., 2016; Islam et al., 2011; Jessop et al., 2012; Jumpah et al., 2019; Kinda & Loening, 2010; Kiplimo et al., 2015; Kishore, 2012; Kuwornu et al., 2012; Li et al., 2020; Lin, Wang, Gan, Cohen, et al., 2019; McIntosh et al., 2013; Moahid & Maharjan, 2020; Mohammed & Mukhtar, 2015; Ojo & Baiyegunhi, 2020; Omobitan et al., 2019; Saqib, Kuwornu, Panezia, et al., 2018; Seck, 2019; Sharma et al., 2012; Soltani et al., 2014; Twumasi et al., 2019)
Inefficient value chain and market access	Peruvian, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Kenya, Tanzania, Iran, India, Myanmar	(Admasu & Paul, 2010; Ahma et al., 2010; Ansari et al., 2012; Fletschner et al., 2010; Gashayie & Singh, 2015; Gebeyehu, 2019; Hassan et al., 2012; Kinda & Loening, 2010; Kishore, 2012)
Land tenure status	Ghana, Pakistan, china, Ethiopia, Kenya, Myanmar, Philippine, Sudan	(Admasu & Paul, 2010; Ahmad, 2011; Amanullah et al., 2019; Jan & Khan, 2012; Jia et al., 2010; Muiruri et al., 2010; Sekyi et al., 2017)
Weak relationship between farmers and bank	China, India, Turkey	(Bojnec, 2012; Jia et al., 2010; Kumar et al., 2013; Li et al., 2013; Li et al., 2020)
Lack of suitable financing products	China, Pakistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Bangladesh, Tanzania, Ghana, Nigeria, Indonesia, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Iran, Myanmar, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo	(Ahmed et al., 2019; Amanullah et al., 2019; Ansari et al., 2012; Awotide et al., 2015; Bonnke et al., 2022; Gebeyehu, 2019; Jumpah et al., 2019; Khanal & Regmi, 2017; Li et al., 2020; McIntosh et al., 2013; Moahid & Maharjan, 2020; Muroiwa et al., 2019; Omolade & Adepoju, 2019; Omonona et al., 2010; Quddus & Kropp, 2020; Tura et al., 2017; Turvey, 2010)
Lack of insurance facilities	Africa, Philippine, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, China, Mexico, Iran, Myanmar	(Ansari et al., 2012; Chau et al., 2016; Chiu et al., 2014; Khantachavana et al., 2012; McIntosh et al., 2013; Muroiwa et al., 2019)
Extensive documentation	Chile, Pakistan, Ethiopia, India, Kenya	(Abdullah et al., 2015; Chandio & Jiang, 2018; Dhakshana & Rajandran, 2018; Gashayie & Singh, 2015; Muiruri et al., 2010; Reyes & Lensink, 2011)
Inefficient monitoring policy	Africa, Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Pakistan	(Appiah-Twumasi et al., 2022; Gajigo, 2013; Mohammed & Mukhtar, 2015; Olowa & Olowa, 2011)
Complicated procedures	China, Peruvian, Ghana, Pakistan, Burkina Faso, Chile, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Philippine, Tanzania, Tennessee, India, Cambodia	(Abdullah et al., 2015; Ahmad, 2011; Amanullah et al., 2019; Badiru, 2010; Bathan & Gordoncillo, 2017; Chandio & Jiang, 2018; Fletschner et al., 2010; Gebeyehu, 2019; Hussain & Thapa, 2012; Issahaku et al., 2020; Khatun et al., 2014; Kiros & Meshesha, 2022; Lin, Wang, Gan, Nguyen, et al., 2019; Omobitan et al., 2019; Porgo et al., 2017; Saqib et al., 2016; Saqib, Kuwornu, Panezia et al., 2018; Sharma et al., 2012; Tura et al., 2017; Twumasi et al., 2019; Ugwumba & Omojola, 2013; Ullah et al., 2020; Weng et al., 2020; Zhao & Barry, 2014)
Small farm size	India, Philippine, Bangladesh, Tanzania, Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Afghanistan	(Islam et al., 2011; Linh et al., 2019; Moahid & Maharjan, 2020; Oladele & Ward, 2016; Omonona et al., 2010; Regassa & Melesse, 2023; Tura et al., 2017; Yadav & Sharma, 2015)
Lack of investment opportunities	Africa, Gambia, Pakistan, China, Ethiopia, Bhutan, Ghana, Sudan, Indonesia, Kenya, Brazil, Iran, Myanmar	(Amanullah et al., 2019; Elangbam & Dawa, 2014; Gajigo, 2013; Tura et al., 2017; Zhao & Barry, 2014)
Inadequate communication and technology	Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Togo, Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, Turkey, India, Myanmar	(Ali & Awade, 2019; Amanullah et al., 2019; Awotide et al., 2015; Benjamin, 2012; Bojnec, 2012; Gashayie & Singh, 2015; Hassan et al., 2012; Jan & Khan, 2012; Kishore, 2012; Muayila & Tollens, 2012; Quddus & Kropp, 2020; Regassa & Melesse, 2023; Ullah et al., 2020)
Lack of extension services	Tanzania, Myanmar, Ethiopia, Iran, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Ghana, Afghanistan	(Appiah-Twumasi et al., 2022; Ibrahim & Bauer, 2013; Kiplimo et al., 2015; Kiros & Meshesha, 2022; Kuwornu et al., 2012; Moahid et al., 2021; Mohammed & Mukhtar, 2015; Ojo & Baiyegunhi, 2020; Soltani et al., 2014; Tura et al., 2017)
Low repayment ability of farmers	China, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Ghana, Philippine, Sudan, Bangladesh, Togo, Ghana, Africa, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Thailand	(Admasu & Paul, 2010; Ali & Awade, 2019; Amanullah et al., 2019; Awotide et al., 2015; Bathan & Gordoncillo, 2017; Chandio et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2020; Chotewattanakul et al., 2019; Gashayie & Singh, 2015; Ibrahim & Bauer, 2013; Iniovorua et al., 2016; Islam et al., 2011; Jumpah et al., 2019; Khatun et al., 2014; Kumar et al., 2013; Kuwornu et al., 2012; Lin, Wang, Gan, Cohen, et al., 2019; McIntosh et al., 2013; Moahid & Maharjan, 2020; Muroiwa et al., 2019; Oladele & Ward, 2016; Regassa & Melesse, 2023; Ullah et al., 2020; Weng et al., 2020; Yadav & Sharma, 2015; Zhao & Barry, 2014)
Sluggish and time consuming process	Ghana, Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan, China, Philippine, Ethiopia, Sudan, Zimbabwe, India	(Appiah-Twumasi et al., 2022; Baiyegunhi et al., 2010; Bathan & Gordoncillo, 2017; Chandio et al., 2017; Chandio & Jiang, 2018; Dong et al., 2012; Gashayie & Singh, 2015; Gebeyehu, 2019; Ibrahim & Bauer, 2013; Ijioma & Osondu, 2015; Khatun et al., 2014; Kishore, 2012; Kuwornu et al., 2012; Muroiwa et al., 2019; Oladele & Ward, 2016; Omolade & Adepoju, 2019; Omonona et al., 2010; Rasheed et al., 2016; Saqib, Kuwornu, Panezia, et al., 2018; Twumasi et al., 2019)

Figure 2. Holistic constraints framework.

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