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Review

Impact of sarcopenia in the management of urological cancer patients

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Pages 455-466 | Received 16 Sep 2016, Accepted 27 Feb 2017, Published online: 08 Mar 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Sarcopenia, the degenerative and systemic loss of skeletal muscle mass, develops as a consequence of the progression of cancer cachexia. Recent studies suggest that sarcopenia may be used as a biomarker in the management of patients with several cancers.

Areas covered: In this article, the authors review 1) the methods to simply and optimally evaluate and define sarcopenia using computed tomography images in daily clinical practice and 2) the impact of sarcopenia in the management of urological cancers, specifically focusing on the usefulness in predicting treatment-related complications and prognosis. The authors also discuss the prognostic importance of changes in skeletal muscle mass in the course of treatment and the potential roles of nutritional support and exercise to prevent progression of sarcopenia.

Expert commentary: Sarcopenia is associated with treatment-related complications and unfavorable prognosis in urological cancer patients. Nutritional support and exercise might be helpful in improving sarcopenia. The impact of these interventions on clinical outcomes would be elucidated by ongoing or future clinical studies.

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Supplemental data

The supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.

Additional information

Funding

This work was partly supported by the Clinical Research Fund (H.F.) [grant number H260301002] (URL: http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/) from the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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