Predictive biomarkers and personalized pharmacotherapy

Figures & data

Table 1. List of the FDA-approved drugs and their CDx biomarkers.

CDx Biomarkers	Drugs
ALK/ALK	Alectinib, brigatinib, ceritinib, crizotinib, lorlatinib
BCR-ABL1	Nilotinib
BRAF V600E or V600K	Binimetinib, cobimetinib, dabrafenib, encorafenib, trametinib, vemurafenib
BRCA1/BRCA2	Niraparib, olaparib, rucaparib, talazoparib
dMMR	Dostarlimab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab
EGFR	Amivantamab
EGFR	Afatinib, dacomitinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, osimertinib, mobocertinib
EZH2	Tazemetostat
FGFR2	Pemigatinib, infigratinib
FGFR3	Erdafitinib
FLT3	Midostaurin, gilteritinib
HER2/HER2	Trastuzumab, pertuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine, trastuzumab deruxtecan
HRR	Olaparib
IDH1	Ivosidenib
IDH2	Enasidenib
Ki-67	Abemaciclib
KIT/c-KIT, PDGFRB	Imatinib
KRAS G12C	Sotorasib
Software for MRI	Deferasirox
MET	Capmatinib
MSI-H	Pembrolizumab, nivolumab
NTRK1/2/3	Larotrectinib, entrectinib
PD-L1	Atezolizumab, cemiplimab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab
PIK3CA	Alpelisib, olaparib
POMC, PCSK1 and LEPR	Setmelanotide
RAS (KRAS/NRAS)/EGFR	Cetuximab, panitumumab
RET	Pralsetinib
ROS1	Crizotinib, entrectinib
TMB-H	Pembrolizumab
TP53	Venetoclax

Table 2. Distribution of phenotypes (%) among Caucasians.

	CYP2C9	CYP2C19	CYP2D6		SLCO1B1
EM	64,0	39,1	84,2	NF	72,3
IM	20,8	26,9	6,2	IF	25,5
PM	15,2	2,6	5,4	LF	2,3
UM	0,0	31,5	4,2

Note: CYP450-genotypes: EM, extensive metabolizer; (normal activity) IM, intermediate metabolizer; PM, poor metabolizer; UM, rapid/ultra-rapid metabolizer.

SLCO1B1 genotypes: NF, normal function; IF, intermediate function; LF, low function.

Data modified from [10]

Samwald M, Xu H, Blagec K, et al. Incidence of exposure of patients in the United States to multiple drugs for which pharmacogenomic guidelines are available. PLoS One. 2016 Oct 20;11(10):e0164972.

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