A review of caregiver costs included in cost-of-illness studies

Figures & data

Figure 1. Review flow diagram according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the prisma statement.

Table 1. Included study characteristics, methods, and annual caregiver costs reported in 2021 USD by clinical condition.

Clinical Condition	Authors and Citation Number	Year	Country	Study Type	Analysis Type	Incremental	Annual Caregiver Costs (2021 USD)	Funding
Aging	Oliva-Moreno J; Pena-Longobardo LM; et al [29].	2019	Spain	Observational	Regression	No	19,631 (Time)	Government
Back pain	Schofield, D.; Zeppel, M.J.B.; et al [30].	2020	Australia	Model	Matching	Yes	38,913 (Productivity)	Industry
Bipolar Disorder	Wolff, N.; Perlick, et al [41].	2006	USA	Model	Descriptive	No	$12,875 (Time)	Government
Cancer	Chan, A.T.C.; Jacobs, P.; et al [52].	2001	Hong Kong	Observational	Descriptive	No	2,848 (Productivity)	Government
Cancer	Hayman, J.A.; Langa, K.M.; et al [63].	2001	USA	Observational	Regression	Yes	4,718 (Time)	Industry
Cancer	Ortega-Ortega M; Montero-Granados R; et al [74].	2018	Spain	Observational	Regression	No	15,925 (Time)	Government
Cancer	Sorensen, S.V.; Goh, J.W.; et al [76].	2012	USA	Model	Descriptive	No	2,223 (Productivity)	Industry
Cancer	Wan, Y.; Gao, X.; et al [77].	2013	USA	Observational	Regression	Yes	583 (Productivity)	Industry
Cancer	Yu, M.; Guerriere, D.N.; Coyte, P.C [78].	2015	Canada	Observational	Descriptive	No	66,619 (Time)	Government
Cardiovascular disease	Dunbar, S.B.; Khavjou, O.A.; et al [79].	2018	USA	Observational	Descriptive	No	1,829 (Time)	Government
Chronic Diseases	Schofield, D.; Shrestha, R.N.; et al [31].	2019	Australia	Model	Matching	Yes	11,720 (Productivity)	Government
Chronic kidney disease	Turchetti G; Bellelli S; et al [32].	2017	Italy	Observational	Descriptive	No	1,502 (Productivity)	No Funding Declared
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Pena-Longobardo, L.M.; Oliva-Moreno, J.; et al [33].	2015	Spain	Observational	Regression	No	35,148 (Time)	Industry
Dementia	Butler, A.; Gallagher, D.; et al [42].	2016	Ireland	Observational	Regression	No	22,471 (Time)	Industry
Dementia	Chong, M.S.; Tan, W.S.; et al [35].	2013	Singapore	Observational	Descriptive	Yes	13,073 (Time)	Government
Dementia	Costa, N.; Wabker, A.; et al [36].	2018	Multiple	Observational	Descriptive	No	16,820 (Time)	Government
Dementia	Darba, J.; Kaskens, L [37].	2015	Spain	Observational	Descriptive	No	86,543 (Time) 1,228 (Productivity)	Industry
Dementia	Ferretti, C.; Sarti, F.M.; et al [46].	2018	Brazil	Observational	Descriptive	No	486 (Productivity)	No Funding Declared
Dementia	Gillespie, P.; O.; Shea, E.; et al [39].	2013	Ireland	Observational	Descriptive	No	14,200 (Time)	Industry
Dementia	Holmerova, I.; Hort, J.; et al [40].	2017	Czech Republic	Observational	Descriptive	No	3,520 (Productivity)	Government
Dementia	Jutkowitz, E.; Kane, R.L.; et al [42].	2017	USA	Model	Descriptive	Yes	28,690 (Time)	Government
Dementia	Kolanowski, A.M.; Fick, D.; et al [43].	2004	USA	Model	Matching	Yes	*No difference in costs between groups	Industry
Dementia	Pena-Longobardo, L.M.; Oliva-Moreno, J [51].	2015	Spain	Observational	Regression	No	75,539 (Time)	No Funding Declared
Dementia	Schwarzkopf, L.; Menn, P.; et al [45].	2011	Germany	Interventional	Regression	Yes	54,692 (Time)	Government
Dementia	Sicras, A.; Rejas, J.; et al [46].	2005	Spain	Observational	Descriptive	No	12,168 (Time)	Industry
Dementia	Suh, G.H.; Knapp, M.; Kang, CJ [47].	2006	South Korea	Model	Descriptive	No	2,470 (Other)	No Funding Declared
Dementia	Vandepitte, S.; Van Wilder, L.; et al [48].	2020	Belgium	Observational	Descriptive	No	15,394 (Time)	Government
Dementia	Walsh, S.; Pertl, M.; et al [49].	2021	Ireland	Observational	Descriptive	No	36,394 (Time)	Government
Dementia	Xu J; Wang J; et al [50].	2017	China	Model	Descriptive	No	4,914 (Time)	Government
Diabetes	Bermudez-Tamayo, C.; Besancon, S.; et al [51].	2017	Mali	Observational	Regression	Yes	212 (Productivity)	Government
Diabetes	Chatterjee S; Riewpaiboon A; et al [53].	2011	Thailand	Observational	Descriptive	No	551 (Time)	Government
Heart failure	Cho, H.; Oh, S.-H.; et al [54].	2018	South Korea	Observational	Matching	Yes	234 (Time)	Industry
Heart failure	Joo, H.; Fang, J.; et al [55].	2015	USA	Observational	Descriptive	Yes	927 (Time)	No Funding Declared
Hemophilia	Zhou ZY; Koerper MA; et al [56].	2015	USA	Observational	Descriptive	No	9,301 (Productivity)	Industry
Home care	Andersson, A.; Levin, L.; Emtinger, B.G [57].	2002	Sweden	Model	Descriptive	No	1,491 (Time)	Government
Home care	Tomita, S.; Hoshino, E.; et al [58].	2020	Japan	Observational	Descriptive	No	3,596 (Other)	No Funding Declared
Hydrocephalus	Shannon, C.N.; Simon, T.D.; et al [60].	2011	USA	Observational	Descriptive	No	518 (Other)	No Funding Declared
Intellectual disability and autism	Schofield, D.; Zeppel, M.J.B.; Tanton, R.; et al [61].	2019	Australia	Model	Matching	Yes	35,503 (Productivity)	Industry
Mental Illness	Diminic, S.; Lee, Y.Y.; et al [62].	2021	Australia	Model	Descriptive	Yes	4,491 (Time)	No Funding Declared
Multiple sclerosis	Carney P; O.; Boyle D; et al [64].	2018	Ireland	Observational	Descriptive	No	6,215 (Time)	Industry
Muscular dystrophy	Schreiber-Katz, O.; Klug, C.; et al [65].	2014	Germany	Observational	Descriptive	No	36,461 (Time)	Government
Pediatric Crohn’s disease	Kahn, S.A.; Lin, C.-W.; et al [59].	2017	USA	Observational	Descriptive	No	6,758 (Productivity)	Industry
Pediatric cryptosporidiosis	Rafferty, E.R.; Schurer J.M.; et al [66].	2017	Multiple	Observational	Descriptive	No	1,072 (Other)	Government
Pediatric Gastroenteritis	Burke, R.M.; Smith, E.R.; et al [67].	2014	Bolivia	Observational	Regression	No	30 (Other)	Government
Pemphigus	Brodszky, V.; Tamasi, B.; et al [68].	2021	Hungary	Observational	Descriptive	No	992 (Time)	Government
Spina bifida	Tilford JM; Grosse SD; et al [69].	2009	USA	Observational	Regression	Yes	8,641 (Productivity)	Government
Stroke	Brown DL; Boden-Albala B; et al [75].	2006	USA	Model	Descriptive	No	4,479 (Time)	Government
Stroke	Riewpaiboon A; Riewpaiboon W; et al [71].	2009	Thailand	Observational	Descriptive	No	1,856 (Productivity)	No Funding Declared
Stroke	Youman P; Wilson K; et al [72].	2003	UK	Model	Descriptive	No	10,035 (Time)	Industry
Stroke and Rheumatoid Arthritis	van den Berg B; Brouwer W; et al [73].	2006	The Netherlands	Observational	Descriptive	No	22,699 (Time, stroke) 12,025 (Time, RA)	Government
Trauma	Thompson, H.J.; Weir, S.; et al [75].	2012	USA	Observational	Descriptive	No	9,074 (Other)	Government

Figure 2. Annual caregiver time costs for dementia cost-of-illness studies (Mean ± SD).

Figure 3. Annual caregiver productivity costs for dementia cost-of-illness studies (Mean ± SD).

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