The safety of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The approval of ibrutinib has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Currently ibrutinib is indicated for patients that are both treatment naïve as well as those with relapsed CLL. Ibrutinib is generally well-tolerated with durable responses that improve over time in most patients. Important toxicities include atrial fibrillation and bleeding.

Areas cover: This review covers the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and efficacy of ibrutinib in the treatment of CLL. We also compare ibrutinib with other kinase inhibitors and chemoimmunotherapy regimens using data from clinical trials. A literature search utilized the PubMed database.

Expert opinion: Despite the efficacy and tolerability of ibrutinib, important questions remain, which include selection of patients receiving ibrutinib in the first and subsequent lines of treatment, optimal dosing, sequential use of ibrutinib versus other kinase inhibitors and combination therapy. Prospective studies should incorporate minimal residual disease (MRD) status as a clinical endpoint to determine whether patients can be taken off kinase inhibitors.

KEYWORDS:

• BTK inhibitors
• chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• ibrutinib
• chemoimmunotherapy
• safety
• toxicity

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to recognize the important contributions from researchers whose work could not be cited due to space constraints.

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Additional information

Funding

This paper has not been funded.