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Part I: Legitimation of global policy priorities

Legitimation Challenges in Global Health Governance: The Case of Non-Communicable Diseases

Pages 301-314 | Published online: 12 Feb 2014
 

Abstract

Recently there has been an increasing focus on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) within global health governance discussions due to the escalation of NCDs worldwide. However, NCDs have yet to be prioritised on the global agenda. The challenges of political prioritisation are analysed with a focus on legitimation strategies and how an issue area is legitimised in relation to various groups in society, i.e. between ‘authors’ and ‘audiences’ of governance. This article identifies a number of legitimation challenges, such as the difficulties of defining the issue area and communicating it to several audiences with different needs, interests, and perceptions of what is to be prioritised. Other challenges concern the composition of actors in the field, weak legislative frameworks, and vested interests that are both part of the problem as well as the solution. These challenges are played out through normative structures, politics, and power relations, which together affect priority setting in global health.

RESUMEN.

Recientemente han aumentado las discusiones sobre las enfermedades no transmisibles (NDCs, por sus siglas en inglés) dentro de la gobernanza de la salud global, debido al ascenso de éstas a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, las enfermedades no transmisibles, están todavía por priorizarse dentro de la agenda global. Los retos de la priorización política se analizan con un enfoque a la legitimización de estrategias y cómo un área con problemas se legitima en relación a varios grupos en sociedad, por ejemplo entre ‘autores’ y ‘audiencias’ de gobernanza. Este artículo identifica un número de retos de legitimación, tales como las dificultades para definir el área con problemas y la comunicación a varias audiencias con diferentes necesidades, intereses y percepciones de lo que se debe priorizar. Otros desafíos conciernen a la composición de actores en el campo, los marcos legislativos débiles y a intereses creados, que son a su vez el problema y la solución. Estos desafíos han despeñado estructuras normativas, políticas y relaciones de poder, lo que en conjunto afecta al establecimiento de prioridades en la salud global.

شهدت السنوات الأخيرة تركيزاً متزايداً على الأمراض غير المعدية في سياق المناقشات حول الحوكمة الصحية على المستوى العالمي، وذلك نظراً لتزايد انتشار الأمراض غير المعدية في مختلف أنحاء العالم. ومع ذلك، فإن الأمراض غير المعدية لم تحظى بعد بالأولوية على قائمة الاهتمامات العالمية. وتحلل هذه المقالة تحديات وضع الأولويات السياسية، مع التركيز على استراتيجيات إضفاء الشرعية (الشرْعَنة) وكيف تُضفى الشرعية على قضية أساسية ما بالنسبة للفئات المختلفة في المجتمع، أي بين "قادة" الحوكمة و"جمهور" الحوكمة. وتحدد هذه المقالة عدداً من تحديات الشرعنة، مثل مشكلات تعريف القضية الأساسية ونقلها إلى عدة فئات من الجمهور تتباين في احتياجاتها واهتماماتها ومفاهيمها بشأن الأمور التي ينبغي أن تحظى بالأولوية. وتتعلق التحديات الأخرى بتشكيل العناصر الفاعلة في ذلك المجال، وضعف الأطر التشريعية، والمصالح الخفية، التي تشكل جزءاً من المشكلة ومن الحل، على حد سواء. وتتجلى هذه التحديات من خلال الهياكل المعيارية والسياسات وعلاقات القوى، التي تؤثر معاً على مسألة وضع الأولويات في مجال الصحة على المستوى العالمي.

요약문

전세계 비전염성 질병(NCDs)의 증가로 지구적 건강 관리 논의에서 비전염성 질병에 대한 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그렇지만, 비전염성 질병은 지구적 의제에서 우선적으로 다루어져야 한다. 정치적으로 우선시 하는 과제가 정당화 전략에 초점을 맞춰서 분석되어야 하고 쟁점 영역이 관리의 저자와 독자 사이 처럼 사회 내 다양한 집단들과의 관계 속에서 정당화되어야 한다. 이 글은 쟁점 영역을 정의하는 것의 어려움과 그것을 무엇이 우선시 되어야 하는 것에 대한 다른 요구, 이해와 인식을 갖고 있는 여러 사람들과 소통을 해야 하는 것과 같은 정당화 과제를 확인한다. 다른 과제들은 그 분야의 행위자 구성, 취약한 법 체제 그리고 해결의 일부일 뿐만 아니라 문제의 일부인 기득권에 관한 것이다. 이러한 도전 과제들은 규범적 구조, 정치와 권력 관계를 통해서 이루어지며, 이들은 함께 지구적 건강에서 우선 순위 환경에 영향을 미친다.

Acknowledgements

The article is written within the research programme TRANSDEMOS, funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation (RJ), and the project ‘Global Governance vs. Local Governance: HIV/AIDS as a political arena’, funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida/SAREC). I gratefully acknowledge their generous funding. My thanks are extended to two anonymous reviewers, participants in two TRANSDEMOS workshops, and Magdalena Bexell for valuable comments on previous versions of the article.

Additional information

Kristina Jönsson is Associate Professor in Political Science at Lund University, Sweden. Her main research interests concern politics, development, and international cooperation with special focus on governance and policy issues in the field of health. Recent publications include, with Christer Jönsson, ‘Global and Local Health Governance: Civil society, human rights and HIV/AIDS’ in Third World Quarterly (2012) and, with Anne Jerneck and Malin Arvidson, Politics and development in a globalised world (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2012). She co-edited the volume Globalization and Democratization in Asia: The Construction of Identity with Catarina Kinnvall (Routledge, 2002) and has published articles in journals such as Asian Survey, Health Policy, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, and Health Research Policy and Systems. She is also a member of the research group ‘Health System and Policy Research’, Global Health/IHCAR, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.

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