Quinic acid derivatives from Saussurea triangulata attenuates glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Isolated Compounds from Saussurea triangulata

Table I.  Neuroprotective effect of compounds from S. triangulata against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells^a.

	Cell viability^b–e (%)
Compounds	0.1	1	10
1	10.2 ± 1.3	9.8 ± 2.8	11.2 ± 1.9
2	15.6 ± 1.5	21.1 ± 2.5	25.5 ± 3.4
3	22.4 ± 0.6^*	46.2 ± 1.5^*	66.4 ± 2.3^*^*^*
APV^g	11.4 ± 1.5	22.5 ± 1.6	42.3 ± 2.5^*
MK-801^f	52.4 ± 2.6^*^*	62.6 ± 2.7^*^*^*	78.2 ± 1.5^*^*^*
CNQX^h	23.5 ± 2.6^*	42.6 ± 2.3^*	54.6 ± 2.5^*^*^*

^a Rat cortical cell cultures were incubated with test compounds for 1 h. The cultures were then exposed to 100 μM glutamate for 24 h. After the incubation, the cultures were assessed for the extent of neuronal damage; ^b Cell viability was measured by LDH assay; ^c LDH released from control and glutamate-treated cultures were 11.6 ± 1.3 and 48.5 ± 3.9 units/ml, respectively; ^d Cell viability was calculated as 100 × (LDH released from glutamate-treated-LDH released from glutamate + test compound-treated)/ (LDH released from glutamate-treated-LDH released from control). The values shown are the mean ± STD of three experiments (3-4 cultures per experiment). Results differ significantly from the glutamate-treated: ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001; ^e Glutamate-treated value differed significantly from the untreated control at the level of p < 0.001; ^f MK-801: dizocilpine maleate, a noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor; ^g APV: DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, a competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor; ^h CNQX: 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, non-NMDA receptor antagonist.