Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities of the medicinal plant Primula macrophylla

Figures & data

Table I.  Cytotoxic activity in crude extract and fractions P. macrophylla.

No.	Extract/Fraction	LD50 (μg/mL)	Upper confidence limit (μg/mL)	Lower confidence limit (μg/mL)
1	Crude	1.7864	2.7164	1.0664
2	Ethyl acetate fraction	109.775	184.8888	64.8919
3	Chloroform fraction	47.919	123.2439	12.3039
4	Benzene fraction	137.556	517.7625	45.9296

Note: The aqueous methanolic fraction showed no activity.

Table II.  The antifungal activity in crude ethanolic extract and fractions of P. macrophylla.

	MIC (mg/mL)
Fungus	Std. drug	Crude	Ethyl acetate	Chloroform	Benzene
Trichophyton longifusus	0.0014	0.4	0.35	–	0.39
Aspergillus flavus	0.03	0.80	–	0.90	–
Microspoum canis	0.0006	0.50	0.40	0.45	0.40
Fusarium solani	0.0012	1.20	–	–	–
Candida albicans	0.001	0.90	–	–	–
Candida glaberata	0.0005	1.50	–	–	–

Note: The aqueous methanolic fraction showed no activity. Std. drug used was Miconazole.

Table

Moulds
Trichophyton longifusis	(Clinical isolate)	Human pathogen
Microsporum canis	(ATCC11622)	Animal/human pathogen
Aspergillus flavus	(ATCC32611)	Human pathogen
Fusarium solani	(ATCC11712)	Plant pathogen
Yeasts
Candida albicans	(ATCC2091)	Human pathogen
Candida glabrata	(ATCC90030)	Human pathogen

Table III.  The anti-leishmanial activity in crude extract and fractions of P. macrophylla against Leishmania major.

Extract/Fraction	STD. Drug (μg/mL)	STD. % inhibition	IC50 of extract
Crude	0.19	100%	>100μg/mL
Chloroform fraction	0.19	100%	50μg/mL
Benzene fraction	0.19	100%	>100μg/mL
Ethyl acetate fraction	0.19	100%	>100μg/mL
2-Phenylchromone	0.19	100%	25μg/mL

Standard drug used: Amphotericin B.

Table IV.  The phytotoxic activity in crude extract and fractions of P. macrophylla.

		No of fronds after treatment
		Crude extract		Ethyl acetate Fraction		Chloroform Fraction		Benzene Fraction
Conc. (μg/mL)	control	survivors	% growth regulation	survivors	% growth regulation	survivors	% growth regulation	survivors	% growth regulation
1000	22	0	100%	0	100%	0	100%	0	100%
100	22	2	90.90%	18	18.18%	0	100%	13	40.90%
10	22	15	31.18%	19	13.6%	14	36.36%	22	0%

Note: The aqueous methanolic fraction showed no activity.

Table V.  Cytotoxic activity of compound, 2-phenylchromone, obtained from column chromatography of chloroform fraction of P. macrophylla.

Dose in μg/mL	No. of shrimps	No. of survivors	No. of dead		LD50 μg/mL	Upper toxic concentration μg/mL	Lower toxic concentration μg/mL
50	30	1	0	30	2.0116	2.9938	1.3027
		2	0
		3	0
5	30	1	1	27
		2	2
		3	0
0.5	30	1	10	1
		2	9
		3	10