Neuroprotective effect of naphtha[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine in an animal model of Parkinson's disease

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Structure of naphtha[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine and some cited molecules.

Figure 2.  Effect of NTA and standard drugs on haloperidol-induced catalepsy in mice. Data is presented as % catalepsy. The difference between mean CDT[4h] of haloperidol group and control group was taken as 100% catalepsy. Similarly, % catalepsy of NTA, SCH 58261 and caffeine treated groups were calculated. ⁺⁺⁺p < 0.001 compared with the corresponding value for control mice. *p < 0.01 compared with corresponding value for haloperidol-treated mice. ***p < 0.001 compared with corresponding value for haloperidol-treated mice.

Table I.  Mean descent time observed at different time intervals.

	Mean Descent Time (s) ± S.E.M.
Time	Control	HAL	NTA 10	NTA 30	NTA 100	Caffeine	SCH 58261
15	5.2 ± 0.47	50 ± 4.2*	31.3 ± 3.91^†	16.2 ± 1.62^‡	16.3 ± 1.99^‡	6.2 ± 0.60^‡	5.8 ± 0.47^‡
30	5.8 ± 0.47	85.67 ± 2.62*	40.5 ± 4.20^†	24.8 ± 2.93^‡	26.2 ± 3.07^‡	7.7 ± 0.42^‡	7 ± 0.51^‡
45	5.7 ± 0.61	96.33 ± 2.84*	48.5 ± 5.59^†	37.3 ± 3.35^‡	36.5 ± 2.84^‡	8.8 ± 0.47^‡	8 ± 0.51^‡
60	5.5 ± 0.67	108 ± 1.36*	64.7 ± 3.30^†	48 ± 3.67^‡	37.3 ± 3.12^‡	13.3 ± 1.14^‡	12.2 ± 0.87^‡
75	5.3 ± 0.49	135.7 ± 4.24*	75.3 ± 3.35^†	60.2 ± 3.04^‡	58.7 ± 4.14^‡	29.7 ± 2.52^‡	21.2 ± 2.00^‡
90	6.3 ± 0.42	157.2 ± 2.72*	84.7 ± 2.44^†	65.8 ± 3.42^‡	65.7 ± 2.98^‡	35.2 ± 1.44^‡	27.5 ± 0.56^‡
105	5.5 ± 0.42	167.5 ± 2.56*	87.7 ± 2.47^†	70.5 ± 2.17^‡	72 ± 2.03^‡	37.5 ± 1.76^‡	30.5 ± 2.04^‡
120	5.7 ± 0.66	175.3 ± 4.89*	92.8 ± 2.89^†	75.2 ± 2.41^‡	76.5 ± 1.74^‡	40.8 ± 2.25^‡	35.7 ± 2.80^‡
135	6.3 ± 0.42	188.8 ± 8.87*	98.3 ± 4.02^†	81 ± 1.94^‡	81.3 ± 1.89^‡	46.3 ± 2.75^‡	40.7 ± 2.92^‡
150	6.2 ± 0.6	221.2 ± 4.51*	107.5 ± 5.23^†	88.7 ± 1.89^‡	89.8 ± 2.77^‡	49.7 ± 3.5^‡	44 ± 3.84^‡
165	6 ± 0.57	247.7 ± 4.66*	117.7 ± 4.85^†	98.3 ± 2.77^‡	97.3 ± 2.15^‡	57.7 ± 3.33^‡	51 ± 4.53^‡
180	5.2 ± 0.4	269.7 ± 4.71*	133.8 ± 4.99^†	105.7 ± 3.69^‡	106.2 ± 3.60^‡	64.2 ± 2.98^‡	54.3 ± 3.87^‡
195	5.2 ± 0.3	276.8 ± 7.16*	153.8 ± 4.42^†	122.8 ± 4.02^‡	123.2 ± 5.11^‡	72.5 ± 2.88^‡	64.5 ± 2.48^‡
210	6.2 ± 0.47	280.2 ± 6.6*	170.2 ± 4.31^†	137.5 ± 4.86^‡	140 ± 2.85^‡	84.2 ± 4.35^‡	74.5 ± 3.30^‡
225	5.8 ± 0.47	289.3 ± 5.47*	181.5 ± 3.14^†	161.2 ± 3.25^‡	158.2 ± 4.13^‡	88.3 ± 3.61^‡	83.7 ± 3.33^‡
240	5.8 ± 0.54	292.7 ± 4.42*	204.8 ± 8.22^†	178.8 ± 4.80^‡	174.5 ± 5.36^‡	92.3 ± 4.60^‡	89.2 ± 2.05^‡
Mean CDT[4h]	91.7 ± 0.10	3042 ± 20.15*	1601.5 ± 12.85^†	1280.3 ± 11.82^‡	1278 ± 11.52^‡	642.34 ± 7.23^‡	558 ± 6.81^‡

Data is presented as mean descent time (s) ± S.E.M. Number of animals per group (n) = 6, HAL: Haloperidol (5 mg/kg), NTA 10: naphtha[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine 10 mg/kg 30 min prior to HAL injection, NTA 30: naphtha[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine 30 mg/kg 30 min prior to HAL injection, NTA 100: naphtha[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine 100 mg/kg 30 min prior to HAL injection, Caffeine 10 mg/kg 30 min prior to HAL injection, SCH 58261 5 mg/kg 30 min prior to HAL injection. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis

* p < 0.001 as compared with control group

^† p < 0.01 as compared with haloperidol group

^‡ p < 0.001 as compared with haloperidol group.

Figure 3.  Effect of NTA and standard drugs on MDA activity in brain of mice treated with haloperidol. The data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M (n = 6).⁺⁺⁺p < 0.001 compared with the corresponding value for control mice. **p < 0.01 compared with corresponding value for haloperidol-treated mice. ***p < 0.001 compared with corresponding value for haloperidol-treated mice.

Figure 4.  Effect of NTA and standard drugs on GSH content in mice brain treated with haloperidol. The data are expressed as mean ± S.E. (n = 6).⁺⁺⁺p < 0.001 compared with the corresponding value for control mice. ***p < 0.001 compared with corresponding value for haloperidol-treated mice. **p < 0.01 compared with corresponding value for haloperidol-treated mice.

Figure 5.  Effect of NTA and standard drugs on SOD activity in brain of mice treated with haloperidol. The data are expressed as mean ± S.E. (n = 6).⁺⁺⁺p < 0.001 compared with the corresponding value for control mice. ***p < 0.001 compared with corresponding value for haloperidol-treated mice.

Figure 6.  Effect of NTA and standard drugs on GSH-Px activity in brain of mice treated with haloperidol. The data are expressed as mean ± S.E. (n = 6).⁺⁺⁺p < 0.001 compared with the corresponding value for control mice. ***p < 0.001 compared with corresponding value for haloperidol-treated mice.