Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in the era of conjugate vaccines: critical factors for successful eradication

Figures & data

Figure 1. Plain language summary

Figure 2. Reported invasive Hib cases in EU/EEA (overall and in countries with consistent reporting available), from 1996 to 2017 [28]

Hib, H. influenzae type b; EU/EEA, European Union/European Economic Area; UK, United Kingdom.

Figure 3. Comparison of dynamics of anti-PRP antibody levels following administration of DTaP5-HB-IPV-Hib and DTaP-HB-IPV/Hib according to a 2 + 1 schedule, at 2, 4 and 11–12 months of age [61]

PRP, polyribosylribitol phosphate; DTaP5-HB-IPV-Hib, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular, 5-component), hepatitis B (rDNA), poliomyelitis (inactivated) and H. influenzae type b outer membrane protein complex-conjugate vaccine (Vaxelis, MCM Vaccine Co.); DTaP-HB-IPV/Hib, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular, 3-component), hepatitis B (rDNA), poliomyelitis (inactivated) and H. influenzae type b tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (Infanrix hexa, GSK).Note: Horizontal lines in panel C represent antibody levels indicative of short-term (0.15 µg/mL) and long-term (1 µg/mL) protection against Hib disease and protection against Hib nasopharyngeal carriage (5 µg/ml).

Figure 4. Real-world experience with Hib vaccination. (A) Number of Hib cases in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2010 [73]: Hib vaccination (according to a 2, 4, 6 month schedule) is implemented from 1992, but a resurgence in cases is observed between 1999 and 2003, prompting the need for booster and catch-up vaccination campaigns, in the context of a high vaccination coverage (≥90%) achieved since 1994 [38]; (B) Invasive Hib cases in Australian children aged <10 years, from 1993 to 2013 (N = 78 for Indigenous children and N = 501 for Non-Indigenous children) [90]: no increase is observed in Hib disease incidence following the change from Hib-OMP to Hib-TT in the national immunization program, in the context of a high vaccination coverage (≥90%) achieved since 2000 [38] Hib, H. influenzae type b; N, number of Hib cases); NIP, national immunization program; OMP, N. meningitidis outer membrane protein complex; TT, tetanus toxoid

Figure 5. Hib disease: improved control leading toward elimination

Hib, H. influenzae type b; TT, tetanus toxoid; OMP, N. meningitidis outer membrane protein complex.

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