Effects of SARS-CoV-2 variants on vaccine efficacy and response strategies

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of mutation sites for the B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1 variants

* The mutation present in all three variants. # The mutation present in the B.1.351 and P.1 variants; notably, the mutation at site 417 is asparagine (N) in the B.1.351 variant and threonine (T) in the P.1 variant. NTD, N-terminal domain; RBD, receptor binding domain; RBM, receptor binding motif; FP, fusion peptide; HR, 7-peptide repeat; TM, transmembrane domain.

Table 1. Results of convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Virus type	Variant	Control strains	No. of sample	Reduction fold (control/variant)	Reference
pseudovirus	B.1.1.7	D614G	15	1.55	Shen et al. [36]
pseudovirus	B.1.1.7	WT	20	2.7–3.8	Wang et al. [33]
	B.1.351			11.0–33.1
infectious cDNA clone	E484K mutation	WT	30	2.4–4.2	Jangra et al. [58]
live virus	B.1.1.7	WT	34	3.9	Gavin R. et al. [56]
live virus	B.1.351	WT	34	13.3	Gavin R. et al. [57]
mouse-adapted virus	N501Y MA-SARS-CoV-2	WT	30	*	Rathnasinghe et al. [59]

Annotation: WT = Wuhan reference strain; * No fold reduction in neutralization titers was mentioned in this study, although the results showed that N501Y did not mediate antibody escape.

Table 2. Results of vaccine-elicited sera against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Vaccine	Type of vaccine	Gene	Sample No.	Type of virus	Control strain	Variant	Reduction fold (control/variant)	Reference
Moderna vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	/	pseudovirus	D614G	K417N-E484K-N501Y-D614G	2.7	Wu et al. [62]
						B.1.351	6.4
Moderna vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	12	pseudovirus	WT	B.1.1.7	1.8	Wang et al. [33]
						B.1.351	8.6
Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	10			B.1.1.7	2
						B.1.351	6.5
Moderna vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	40	pseudovirus	D614G	B.1.1.7	2.11	Shen et al. [36]
NVX-CoV2373	protein nanoparticle	S	28				2.25
Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	40	pseudovirus	WT	B.1.1.7	1.25	Muik et al. [38]
Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	23	pseudovirus	WT	B.1.1.7	3.85	Collier et al. [37]
Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	20	infectious cDNA clone	WT	Mutant N501Y	0.68	Xie et al. [60]
						Mutant Δ69/70+ N501Y+D614G	0.71
						Mutant E484K+N501Y+D614G	1.23
Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	5	infectious cDNA clone	WT	E484K mutation	3.4	Jangra et al. [58]
Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	20	infectious cDNA clone	N501	Y501	1.46	Shi et al. [61]
Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	25	live virus	WT	B.1.1.7	3.3	Gavin R. et al. [56]
AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine	Adenovirus vector vaccine	S	25	live virus	WT	B.1.1.7	2.1 ~ 2.5
Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	25	live virus	WT	B.1.351	7.6	Gavin R. et al. [57]
AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine	Adenovirus vector vaccine	S	25	live virus	WT	B.1.351	9
BBIBP vaccine	Inactive vaccine	full length	12	live virus	WT & D614G	B.1.351	1.6	Gao et al. [63]
Zhifei vaccine	protein subunit vaccine	RBD	12	live virus	WT & D614G	B.1.351	1.6
Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine	RNA vaccine	S	6	mouse-adapted virus	WT	N501Y MA-SARS-CoV-2	*	Rathnasinghe et al. [59]

Annotation: S = spike; RBD = receptor binding domain; WT = Wuhan reference strain; * No fold reduction in geometric mean titers (GMT) was mentioned in this study, although the results showed that N501Y did not mediate antibody escape.

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