The current and future role of nanovaccines in HIV-1 vaccine development

Figures & data

Figure 1. Different types of nanoparticles made from biological macromolecules used in the development of nanovaccines

(a). Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) can potentially be used as a base for a non-eVLP (PDB: 6SAE) [50]. (b). Lumazine synthase from the hyperthermophile Aquifex aeolicus, a naturally occurring protein assembly that has been used as a base for a nanovaccine (PDB: 1HQK) [51]. (c). An example model of a rationally designed protein assembly, the Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticle (SAPN). (d). An example of a liposome that can be used to carry antigens internally or embedded on its surface. (e). A lipid nanoparticle shown with a mRNA-based vaccine. Liposome and lipid nanoparticle images created with Biorender.com

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