Evaluating the reactogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines from network-meta analyses

Figures & data

Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the SLR based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study design (PICOS) framework.

Category	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population (P)	Healthy individuals aged ≥ 16 years	Individuals age < 16 years
Intervention (I)	EMA approved COVID-19 vaccines with two primary series doses	EMA-approved COVID-19 vaccines with a dose number for the primary series different than 2
Comparators (C)	EMA approved COVID-19 vaccines with two primary series doses, a placebo	EMA-approved COVID-19 vaccines with dose numbers for the primary series different than 2, not COVID-19 vaccine, COVID-19 vaccines not approved by EMA
Outcomes (O)	Stratified and aggregated data for solicited AEs	Studies that do not report at least one of the outcomes of interest
Study design (S)	RCTs—both parallel-group and crossover (double-blind, single-blind, open-label) for clinical trials phase 2/3 or phase 3	RCTs for clinical trials phase 1, 2, or 1/2 RCTs on booster doses All other study designs that are not RCTs
Language	English language	None
Time limit	No restriction	None
Country	No restriction	None
Abbreviations: AE, adverse event; EMA, European Medicines Agency; RCT, randomized clinical trial.
A complete description of the PICOS is provided in Appendix A; Section 1.1

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram of the SLR for the NMAs.

Figure 2. Network plot of the complete identified network.

Figure 3. Forest plots for any grade local solicited AE after first dose (A) and second dose (B).

Table 2. SUCRA ranking scores for local AEs of any grade after the first and the second dose.

Dose	Adverse event	AZD1222	BNT162B2	mRNA1273	NVXCoV2373	VLA2001
Dose 1	Injection Site Pain	0.5	0.056	0.195	0.753	0.996
	Injection Site Redness	0.359	0.421	0.098	0.625	0.996
	Injection Site Swelling	0.088	0.616	0.256	0.963	0.577
	Injection Site Tenderness	0.01	NA	0.707	0.324	0.959
	Reported Local AE	0.501	0.046	0.206	0.748	1
Dose 2	Injection Site Pain	0.933	0.24	0.011	0.509	0.807
	Injection Site Redness	0.464	0.804	0.287	0.319	0.624
	Injection Site Swelling	NA	0.864	0.022	0.614	NA
	Injection Site Tenderness	0.53	NA	0.983	0.011	0.477
	Reported Local AE	0.895	0.25	0.027	0.489	0.839

Figure 4. Forest plots for any grade systemic solicited AE after first dose (A) and second dose (B).

Table 3. SUCRA ranking scores for systemic AEs of any grade after the first and the second dose.

Dose	Adverse event	AZD1222	BNT162b2	mRNA1273	NVXCoV2373	VLA2001
Dose 1	Arthralgia	NA	0.135	0.449	0.916	NA
	Chills	0.504	0.995	0.002	NA	NA
	Fatigue	0.033	0.286	0.447	0.74	0.994
	Fever	0.006	0.247	0.517	0.773	0.957
	Headache	0.081	0.327	0.451	0.644	0.997
	Malaise	0.002	NA	NA	0.998	NA
	Myalgia	0.011	0.376	0.557	0.562	0.995
	Nausea/vomiting	NA	NA	0.354	0.646	NA
	Reported systemic AE	0.033	0.412	0.379	0.677	0.999
	Vomiting	0.459	0.541	NA	NA	NA
Dose 2	Arthralgia	NA	0.402	0.126	0.971	NA
	Chills	1	0.333	0.167	NA	NA
	Fatigue	0.777	0.23	0.028	0.494	0.971
	Fever	0.607	0.258	0.089	0.624	0.922
	Headache	0.754	0.299	0.023	0.432	0.992
	Malaise	0.999	NA	NA	0.001	NA
	Myalgia	0.814	0.349	0.016	0.386	0.935
	Nausea/vomiting	NA	NA	0.065	0.935	NA
	Reported systemic AE	0.777	0.296	0.009	0.447	0.971
	Vomiting	0.814	0.186	NA	NA	NA