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Research Article

X-ray microtomography of the late Carboniferous whip scorpions (Arachnida, Thelyphonida) Geralinura britannica and Proschizomus petrunkevitchi

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Article: 2180450 | Received 21 Sep 2022, Accepted 07 Feb 2023, Published online: 04 Apr 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. A, reconstruction of a paratype of Geralinura brittanica (NHMUK PI In 31265) in dorsal view. B, expanded view of the dorsal anterior of G. brittanica with the median eyes outlined. C, photograph of G. brittanica paratype, part. D, photograph of G. brittanica paratype, counterpart. E, right chelicera of G. brittanica. F, left pedipalp of G. brittanica. G, G. brittanica in frontal view. Abbreviations: 14, legs 1–4; Ap, apophysis; Fe, femur; Fl, flange; LK, lateral keel; ME, median eyes; Pa, patella; Pp, pedipalps; Ta, tarsus; Ti, tibia; Tr, trochanter. Scale bars: A–D = 5 mm; E, F = 1 mm; G = 2 mm.

Figure 1. A, reconstruction of a paratype of Geralinura brittanica (NHMUK PI In 31265) in dorsal view. B, expanded view of the dorsal anterior of G. brittanica with the median eyes outlined. C, photograph of G. brittanica paratype, part. D, photograph of G. brittanica paratype, counterpart. E, right chelicera of G. brittanica. F, left pedipalp of G. brittanica. G, G. brittanica in frontal view. Abbreviations: 1–4, legs 1–4; Ap, apophysis; Fe, femur; Fl, flange; LK, lateral keel; ME, median eyes; Pa, patella; Pp, pedipalps; Ta, tarsus; Ti, tibia; Tr, trochanter. Scale bars: A–D = 5 mm; E, F = 1 mm; G = 2 mm.

Figure 3. Results of the cladistic analysis presented herein under equal weights parsimony and Bayesian inference. Top: topology within the pantetrapulmonates, in particular between the Haptopoda, Amblypygi, Thelyphopnida and Schizomida, in both parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Bottom: the relationships recovered for all arachnid and chelicerate orders using the topology from the Bayesian analysis (the arachnid-wide parsimony topology is included in the Supplemental material). Support values are bootstrap/jackknife (parsimony) or posterior probabilities (Bayesian); plotted against geological time using equal branch lengths between fossil taxa (see Methods). Taxon images either drawn for this publication, or from Lozano-Fernandez et al. (Citation2019).

Figure 3. Results of the cladistic analysis presented herein under equal weights parsimony and Bayesian inference. Top: topology within the pantetrapulmonates, in particular between the Haptopoda, Amblypygi, Thelyphopnida and Schizomida, in both parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Bottom: the relationships recovered for all arachnid and chelicerate orders using the topology from the Bayesian analysis (the arachnid-wide parsimony topology is included in the Supplemental material). Support values are bootstrap/jackknife (parsimony) or posterior probabilities (Bayesian); plotted against geological time using equal branch lengths between fossil taxa (see Methods). Taxon images either drawn for this publication, or from Lozano-Fernandez et al. (Citation2019).

Figure 2. A, reconstruction of the holotype of Proschizomus petrunkevitchi (NHMUK PI In 7912) in dorsal aspect. B, photograph of the P. petrunkevitchi holotype, part. C, photograph of the P. petrunkevitchi holotype, counterpart. D, left pedipalp of P. petrunkevitchi. E, P. petrunkevitchi in frontal view. Translucent elements are inferred through symmetry or comparison with extant taxa. Abbreviations: 14, legs 1–4; Ap, apophysis; Fe, femur; Pa, patella; Pp, pedipalps; Ta, tarsus; Ti, tibia; Tr, trochanter. Scale bars: A–C = 5 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 2 mm.

Figure 2. A, reconstruction of the holotype of Proschizomus petrunkevitchi (NHMUK PI In 7912) in dorsal aspect. B, photograph of the P. petrunkevitchi holotype, part. C, photograph of the P. petrunkevitchi holotype, counterpart. D, left pedipalp of P. petrunkevitchi. E, P. petrunkevitchi in frontal view. Translucent elements are inferred through symmetry or comparison with extant taxa. Abbreviations: 1–4, legs 1–4; Ap, apophysis; Fe, femur; Pa, patella; Pp, pedipalps; Ta, tarsus; Ti, tibia; Tr, trochanter. Scale bars: A–C = 5 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 2 mm.