Reference values for blood pressure response to cycle ergometry in the first two decades of life: comparison with patients with a repaired coarctation of the aorta

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample characteristics – population size, gender, age, stature, body mass, and body mass index (BMI).

Population characteristics	Healthy controls	Postoperative CoA patients
N	M F 113 71	M F 17 8
Age (years) Mean ± SD Range	12.6 ± 2.9 6.2 – 18.6	13.0 ± 3.2 6.1 – 18.7
Stature (cm) Mean ±SD Range	157.8 ± 16.3 117 – 195	156.8 ± 19.2 122 – 193
Body mass (kg) Mean ±SD Range	47.8 ± 14.78 19 – 103	46.02 ± 15.61 22 – 80.6
BSA(m^2) Mean ±SD Range	1.43 ± 0.29 0.78 – 2.36	1.4 ± 0.32 0.86 – 2.07
BMI (kg/m^2) Mean ±SD Range	18.7 ± 3.0 12.8 – 28.4	18.1 ± 2.75 14.2 – 23.3
RER Mean ±SD Range	1.131 ± 0.09 0.88 – 1.40	1.136 ± 0.1 0.96 – 1.40
VO2peak (ml/kg/min) Mean ±SD Range	44.3 ± 7.9 28.6 – 66.7	42.43 ± 8.39 24.7 – 57.32
Wpeak (W) Mean ±SD Range	174 ± 62 45 – 350	165 ± 70 48 – 348

Figure 1. Percentiles of peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) in function of W_peak achieved in healthy participants plotted on the same graph as the similar data of post-operative CoA patients.

Figure 2. Percentiles of peak circulatory power (CircP) in function of W_peak achieved in healthy participants plotted on the same graph as the similar data of post-operative CoA patients.

Figure 3. Percentiles of peak rate pressure product (RPP) in function of W_peak achieved in healthy participants plotted on the same graph as the similar data of post-operative CoA patients.

Table 2. Predictive equations of peak SBP, CircP, and RPP in function of W_peak (W) based on the LMS method.

Ordinate Variable	Equations
SBP	L: 0.00004 x (Wpeak^2) – 0.00526 x (Wpeak) + 0.46541
	M: 0.2853 x (Wpeak) + 111.46
	S: −0.0000010 x (Wpeak^2) + 0.0003534 x (Wpeak) + 0.0867
CircP	L:0.00005 x (Wpeak^2) – 0.00614 x (Wpeak) – 0.47713
	M: 10.56 x (Wpeak) + 2550.2
	S:-0.00039 x (Wpeak) + 0.254
RPP	L: 0.00001852 x (Wpeak^2) – 0.00116 x (Wpeak) + 0.70
	M: 61.88 x (Wpeak) + 19,887
	S: −0.00000085 x (Wpeak^2) + 0.000094 x (Wpeak) + 0.1408

SBP: systolic blood pressure; CircP: circulatory power; RPP: rate pressure product. Z-scores can be calculated using the following formula: Z = [(X/M)^L – 1]/L × S.

Figure 4. A Bland-Altman plot illustrating the agreement between the healthy systolic blood pressure (SBP) data that this study recorded and the SBP data that was outputted by the Heck et al. predictive equation (SBP = 0.333*(Wpeak) +120.0). The dotted lines annotate the upper and lower 95% confidence interval values.