Welfare-to-Work Reform, Power and Inequality: From Governance to Governmentalities

Abstract

The past 15 years have seen considerable change in how welfare-to-work provision (WTW) is organised and delivered across the advanced economies with a consistent trend towards new public management (NPM) principles of contractualism, managerialism and marketisation. The financial crisis of 2008, and ensuing economic downturn, has done nothing to move European policies leftwards and the drift towards these neoliberal inspired WTW arrangements is as strong as ever. The aim of this article is to focus on the governmentalities of these new WTW regimes and to raise provocations for WTW analysts around underlying discourses, framings and power relations within these reforms. Taking the UK Coalition government's WTW programme as its empirical focus, the article emphasises the analytical relevance and leverage of the recent US-focused literature on neoliberal paternalism as well as Foucault's governmentalities framework. In doing so the discussion highlights the need to recognise the discursive and symbolic project of truth (re)creation as a (perhaps the) core part of the Coalition's policy programme with significant and enduring impacts both on the unemployed and social inequality more broadly.

Keywords::

• governmentalities
• neoliberal paternalism
• welfare-to-work
• activation
• Foucault

Notes

¹ Interested readers are directed to the several journal special issues on WTW governance in recent years: International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 32, no. 5/6 (2012); International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 27, nos 7/8 and 9/10 (2007); Social Policy and Society 7, no. 3 (2008).

² The North-East, North-West, Scotland and Wales are all examples of the scale of CPAs.