A comparative analysis of essential oils of Goniothalamus macrocalyx Ban., Goniothalamus albiflorus Ban. and Goniothalamus tamirensis Pierre ex Fin. & Gagnep. from Vietnam

Abstract

Essential oils hydrodistilled from the leaves and stem barks of Goniothalamus macrocalyx Ban., Goniothalamus albiflorus Ban. and Goniothalamus tamirensis Pierre ex Fin. & Gagnep. growing in Vietnam were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-coupled with mass spectrometry. α-Pinene (1.7–50.0%), β-pinene (tr-6.8%), β-myrcene (tr-1.5%), (E)-β-ocimene (tr-4.6%), β-caryophyllene (9.9–12.8%), aromadendrene (0.2–6.0%), α-humulene (1.7–6.9%), α-cadinol (1.2–14.5%), δ-cadinene (0.1–10.3%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (0.2–1.9%) were common to the oil samples. α-Pinene (50.0%) was the most abundant single constituent of the leaf oil of G. macrocalyx, whereas the major compounds of the stem were α-cadinol (14.5%), β-caryophyllene (10.3%) and octadecanoic acid (8.2%). Benzoic acid (18.4%), β-caryophyllene (12.4%) and α-pinene (10.3%) were present in the leaf of G. albiflorus, whereas limonene (21.2%), β-caryophyllene (12.8%) and α-phellandrene (9.3%) were identified in the stem. The leaf oil of G. tamirensis was characterised by abundance of α-pinene (33.4%), viridiflorol (18.5%) and β-caryophyllene (12.4%), whereas γ-gurjunene (11.2%), β-caryophyllene (10.9%) and δ-cadinene (10.3%) predominates in the stem oil.

Keywords::

• Goniothalamus macrocalyx
• Goniothalamus albiflorus
• Goniothalamus tamirensis
• monoterpenes
• sesquiterpenes

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank the NAFOSTED (Vietnam) for the financial support of this study through the Project No. 104.01-2010.27.